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论文编号：	993
作者编号：	2120071911
上传时间：	2009/5/25 15:52:14
中文题目：	基于交通方式对策定价的客运方式
英文题目：	Combinatorial Optimization of
指导老师：	张建勇
中文关键字：	广义费用，时间价值，Logit模型<
英文关键字：	Generalized CostValue of Time
中文摘要：	随着我国经济的发展，旅客出行需求的提高，运输市场的竞争也日趋激烈，在这种条件下各种交通方式就不应该采取政府完全定价，同时交通运输又关系到广大普通市民的基本出行问题，各种交通方式也不可能实施完全市场定价。这样政府对一些公益性较强的交通方式采取政府定价保证市民基本出行，其他一些运输速度快、服务水平较高的交通方式采取市场定价就成为了交通方式未来定价的一种发展趋势。另一方面，不同收入水平、不同出行目的的乘客的时间价值相差很大，对其交通方式出行的选择有着很大的影响。同时一种交通方式一般不能完成旅客出行，旅客根据各种交通具有的不同经济技术特征、适用范围，合理地根据自己需求对多种交通方式进行组合就显的特别重要。 本文首先在回顾国内相关理论及外文献的基础上，找出票价制定与旅客交通方式组合优化的结合点，从而找出本文的切入点。 其次，本文通过对交通方式分析选取了旅客常用的几种交通方式，并分析了影响旅客交通方式选择的因素。在此基础上构建三点模型（A-B-C）对旅客交通方式组合进行优化，其中前一段为主要交通路段，后一段为辅助交通路段。主要交通路段A-B为距离较长路段，可选交通方式主要有普通火车、客运专线、汽车等。辅助交通路段B-C为距离较短路段，其可选交通方式主要有公交、地铁、出租车等。针对上面的三点模型，从乘客和交通方式两个角度对模型进行优化。 最后，本文对上述模型给出了算例求解，并对票价、主路段、辅助路段、时间价值等可变量进行了数值分析。 本文主要创新之处在于：（1）在交通方式对策定价的条件下对旅客交通方式组合进行优化。（2）用考虑时间价值和成本的广义费用最小化来优化旅客对交通方式的选择。（3）通过因素变动分析，讨论了不同旅客时间价值、路段长度、票价下最优交通方式组合、交通方式市场占有率和收益变化。 关键词：广义费用 时间价值 Logit模型 交通方式组合优化 对策定价
英文摘要：	As the rapid development of economy, the demand of travelling has been increasing in our country, thereby the competition of transportation market is becoming increasingly fierce. In this situation, the price of various modes of transport should not be decided by the government. At the same time, since various transportations are closely related to the basic travel of the vast majority of ordinary citizens, it is impossible that the price is freely decided by the market. The approach that some public transport are decided by government to ensure the basic travel of ordinary citizens and the price of other transport modes whose speed are faster and level of service are higher is determined by the market will be a future pricing trend. On the other hand, passengers of different income levels and different trip purposes vary greatly in the value of time, which has a great impact on their decision of transport modes. Also, one transport mode can not complete passenger trips in general, so it is more important that passengers choose different portfolio of transportation modes in accordance with a variety of different economic and technical characteristics, scope of application of different transport modes. Firstly, based on related research in domestic and abroad, we find relevant points of ticket fare and combinatorial optimization of transport modes. Thus, we find the entry point to our paper. Secondly, through the analysis of transport modes，we have selected several average passenger transport modes and analyzed factors which impacts on the choice of passenger to transport modes. Based on analysis above, we built a three-point model (A-B-C) to optimize transportation portfolio. The first section is the main traffic road, and the second section is the secondary roads. For the main traffic road, ordinary train, railway passenger-dedicated line and coach are available. For the secondary traffic road, bus, subway and taxi are available. To solve the three-point model, we optimize the model from two perspectives of the passengers and mode of transportation. Finally, we use the model mentioned above to solve a numerical example given, and we carry on the numerical analysis for the fare, the main sections, auxiliary sections, value of time and so on. The innovations of this paper are as follows: (1) under the condition of transport modes pricing after thinking others’ decision, we optimize the combination of transport modes. (2) We use minimization of the generalized cost which considered value of time and fare to optimize visitors' choice of transport modes. (3) Through analysis of changes in factor, we discuss the best mode of transportation portfolio, revenue and market share of transport modes under different time of value, road length and fare. Key words: Generalized Cost Value of Time Logit Model Combinatorial Optimization of Transport Modes Competition Countermeasure Pricing
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