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论文编号：	9484
作者编号：	1120140797
上传时间：	2017/12/6 15:12:03
中文题目：	创业者先前经验、创业自我效能感与奏效逻辑——基于关键诱发因素意会过程视角的实证研究
英文题目：	Entrepreneurs’ Prior Experience, Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy and Effectuation—An Empirical Research Based on Key Inducing Factors’ Sensemaking
指导老师：	张玉利
中文关键字：	创业者先前经验；创业自我效能感；意会过程；创业环境的客观不确定性；奏效逻辑
英文关键字：	Entrepreneurs’ prior experience；Entrepreneurial self-efficacy；Sensemaking；Objective uncertainty of entrepreneurial environment；Effectuation
中文摘要：	全球创业活动的蓬勃发展和新创企业的不断生成已成为推动世界经济社会发展的主要力量，复杂多变的网络及不确定环境下，创业者如何快速做出决策并实施创业行为至关重要。在这样的背景下，深入挖掘创业者独特决策和行为背后的认知机制就成为了当前学术界和实践界共同关注的焦点。 从创业认知视角出发，本文将奏效逻辑理论、经验学习理论、社会认知理论和意会理论作为研究基础，对创业者先前经验、创业自我效能感与奏效逻辑的作用关系进行了挖掘，讨论并验证了意会过程在创业者先前经验、创业自我效能感和奏效逻辑关系中的作用机制，分析了创业环境的客观不确定性在创业者先前经验、创业自我效能感转化为奏效逻辑过程中的重要作用。本文利用145份有效问卷检验相关假设，其主要发现和结论包括以下四点： 第一，创业者先前经验和创业自我效能感通过意会过程影响奏效逻辑。创业者先前经验反映了创业者在创业之前的知识、信息和经验的储备情况，创业自我效能感反映了创业者的能力信念，对奏效逻辑会产生一定的影响，但这并不全是直接的影响，而一部分是意会过程居中传导的间接影响。“创业者先前经验→意会过程→奏效逻辑”和“创业自我效能感→意会过程→奏效逻辑”的作用过程机制，揭示了意会过程的影响作用，也反映了创业者先前经验、创业自我效能感与奏效逻辑的作用过程。 第二，创业者先前经验、创业自我效能感对意会过程不同内涵发挥作用。由于不同类型的创业者先前经验具有不同的性质属性，不同角度的意会过程也表现出不同的信息扫描和解读水平，因此，尽管创业者先前经验会影响意会过程，但其影响程度存在一定的差别。同理，创业自我效能感也对不同角度的意会过程造成不同的影响。 第三，认知风格是一个平衡图谱。根据认知的连续介质理论，“分析”与“创造”处于两个极点位置处。本文的研究结论揭示，针对奏效逻辑来说，创造型认知风格与分析型认知风格的匹配并不仅仅是简单的“一维两极”，认知风格是一个平衡图谱。富有经验的创业者会针对创业活动的不同而展现出不同的认知风格，从而在创造型认知风格与分析型认知风格之间形成很好的平衡。 第四，创业决策是创业主客体交互的结果。创业者的决策逻辑是由其认知因素和环境交互作用而形成的，这三方面是相互影响和相互制约的。本研究将创业情境的不确定性分为主观不确定性和客观不确定性，主观不确定性主要体现了创业者资源禀赋的信息和知识把握和解读能力，具体到创业者先前经验和创业自我效能感；客观不确定性主要体现了创业环境的客观不确定性。研究结果显示，创业环境的客观不确定性对将创业者先前经验和创业自我效能感转化为具体的决策逻辑产生了显著的影响。 本论文的价值和创新之处主要体现在以下四个方面。第一，揭示创业情境下奏效逻辑形成的机理，弥补了已有研究过分关注奏效逻辑对新企业绩效造成的影响而忽视研究奏效逻辑形成过程的缺陷，有助于补充奏效逻辑形成的机理分析。第二，探讨意会过程的中介作用，从微观角度揭示创业者先前经验和创业自我效能感如何引发创业者的奏效逻辑，有助于从更深层次认识创业者独特行为规律的形成原因。第三，挖掘创业情境下认知风格匹配的本质，有助于认知风格研究朝着更加细化和对立统一的方向演化，并为未来针对奏效逻辑的研究提供了新的方向。第四，揭示创业环境的客观不确定性的调节作用，有助于研究从更加全面的视角对待创业情境中的不确定性，并对创业理论做出补充。 本文主要包括六章内容。第一章是绪论部分，主要概述论文研究背景、研究问题、研究意义、研究方法和过程。第二是是文献回顾，梳理了奏效逻辑、创业者先前经验、创业自我效能感、意会过程和创业环境的客观不确定性相关的理论研究，评述现有研究的不足及可能的研究方向，同时阐述本研究的理论基础。第三章是模型构建与假设提出，依据理论推导，构建了创业者先前经验、创业自我效能感、意会过程相互作用关系的概念模型，并将创业环境的客观不确定性也纳入考虑之中。并根据它们之间的关系进行理论分析，提出相关研究假设。第四章是研究设计与方法，主要介绍了问卷设计、变量测量方式、预调研、数据收集、数据整理及分析方法等内容。第五章是实证分析与讨论，主要通过实证数据对研究假设进行检验，并进一步讨论了实证结果。第六章是结论与展望，主要归纳本研究的主要结论，分析可能的创新之处，总结对后续学术研究和实践的启示，并指出不足和未来研究方向。
英文摘要：	The vigorous development of the global entrepreneurship and the continuous emergence of new ventures have become major forces to promote the development of world economy and society. Under the complex network and uncertain environment, how entrepreneurs to make quick decisions and put entrepreneurial behavior into effect are very crucial. In this context, deeply digging into the cognitive mechanism behind the unique decision-making and behavior of entrepreneurs become the focus of the current academic and practical circles. Based on the entrepreneurial cognition perspective, the study chose effectuation theory, experiential learning theory, social cognition theory and sensemaking theory as research base and analyzed interactional relationship between entrepreneurs’ prior experience, entrepreneurial self-efficacy and effectuation. The study demonstrated the role of sensemaking in the relationship between entrepreneurs’ prior experience, entrepreneurial self-efficacy and effectuation, analyzed the influence of objective uncertainty of the entrepreneurial environment in the transformation process of entrepreneurs’ prior experience and entrepreneurial self-efficacy to effectuation. In this study, data collection used the questionnaire survey method. We got back 300 questionnaires, and confirmed 145 vaild questionnaires. The ratio of valid questionnaire is 48.3%. This study used factor analysis, multiple linear regression methods etc to analysis data, which can help to lay the foundation for hypothesis analysis. With the theoretical development and quantitative analysis, the findings are showed as follows: Firstly, the effect of entrepreneurs’ prior experience and entrepreneurial self-efficacy on effectuation is not completely direct, but partly indirect through the conduction of sensemaking. Entrepreneurs’ prior experience reflects the reserve situation of knowledge, information and experience before starting up new ventures, entrepreneurial self-efficacy reflects entrepreneurs’ ability beliefs, they both have some effects on effectuation. These effects are not completely direct, but partly through the middle conduction process of sensemaking. The transmission mechanism from entrepreneurs’ prior experience and entrepreneurial self-efficacy to effectuation disclosed not only the influence of sensemaking, but also the process of entrepreneurs’ prior experience and entrepreneurial self-efficacy affecting effectuation. Secondly, entrepreneurs’ prior experience and entrepreneurial self-efficacy play a lot of role in different connotation of sensemaking. Because the different types of entrepreneurs’ prior experience have variant properties, and different dimensions of sensemaking also show different levels of information scanning and interpreting, the effect paths of different types of entrepreneurs’ prior experience on effectuation are different. Similarly, entrepreneurial self-efficacy also have different influences on different dimensions of sensemaking. Thirdly, cognitive style is a balanced spectrum. According to the cognitive continuum theory, "analysis" and "creation" are at two poles. The results of this study reveal that, for effectuation, the match of creative cognitive style and analytic cognitive style is not just a simple “one dimension, two poles”, cognitive style is a balanced spectrum. The experienced entrepreneurs will show different cognitive styles according to the different entrepreneurial activities, thus keeping a good balance between creative cognitive style and analytical cognitive style. Fourthly, Entrepreneurial decision is the result of the interaction between the entrepreneurial subjects and entrepreneurial objects. The decision-making logic of entrepreneurs is formed by the interaction of their cognitive factors and environmental interactions, these three aspects are mutual influences and mutual constraints. This study divided the uncertainty of entrepreneurial situation into subjective uncertainty and objective uncertainty, subjective uncertainty mainly reflects the entrepreneurs’ resource information and the ability to acquire the knowledge and interpret the knowledge, specific to the entrepreneurs' prior experience and entrepreneurial self-efficacy; objective uncertainty mainly reflects the objective uncertainty of entrepreneurial environment. The results show that the objective uncertainty of the entrepreneurial environment has a significant impact on the transformation of entrepreneurs’ prior experience and entrepreneurial self-efficacy into specific decision logic. The contributions and innovtions of the study are mainly reflected in the following four aspects. Firstly, revealing the forming mechanism of effectuation in entrepreneurial situation, making up flaws of the existing studies focus on effectuation’s influences on new ventures performance and neglect the formation process of effectuation, which helps to replenish the mechanism analysis of the formation process of effectuation. Secondly, discussing the mediating effect of sensemaking processes, revealing how entrepreneurs’ prior experience and entrepreneurial self-efficacy trigger entrepreneurs’ effectuation from the micro perspective, which helps to understand the formation reasons of entrepreneurs’ unique behavior rules at deeper level. Thirdly, discovering the essence of the cognitive style matching in entrepreneurial situation, which helps to study cognitive style evolution toward much unified and more detailed directions, and provides a new direction for the future study of effectuation. Fourthly, revealing the moderating effect of the objective uncertainty of entrepreneurial environment, which helps to study uncertainty of entrepreneurial situation from a more comprehensive perspective, and makes a supplement to the entrepreneurial theory. This paper mianly includes six chapters. The first chapter is the introduction part, mainly introduced the research background of this paper and the research question, research significance and research method. The second chapter is the literature review, combed the theory research related to effectuation, entrepreneurs’ prior experience, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, sensemaking, and objective uncertainty of entrepreneurial environmet, the shortage of the existing research were reviewed and as well as the possible research direction. The third chapter is the model building, mainly focused on conceptual model of entrepreneurs’ prior experience, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, sensemaking, effectuation, and taking the objective uncertainty of entrepreneurial environment into account, and put forward a series of hypothesis. The fourth chapter is the research design and methods, mainly introduced the questionnaire design, data collection and analysis, etc. The fifth chapter is the empirical analysis and discussion, mainly through empirical data on the hypothesis test, and further discusses the empirical results. The sixth chaper is the conclusion and outlook, and mainly summarized the main conclusion of this study, put forward and analyzed the innovation points, and pointed out the deficiency and future research design.
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