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论文编号：	8523
作者编号：	1120130792
上传时间：	2016/6/15 17:51:09
中文题目：	创业者认知偏见、积极情感与创业自我效能关系研究
英文题目：	A Study on the Relationship between Entrepreneurs’ Cognitive Bias, Positive Affect and Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy
指导老师：	张玉利
中文关键字：	创业自我效能；认知偏见；积极情感；过度自信；控制幻觉
英文关键字：	entrepreneurial self-efficacy;cognitive bias; positive affect; overconfidence; illusion of control
中文摘要：	经过对创业自我效能的系统文献回顾，梳理研究发展脉落，研究者发现当前创业自我效能的研究已从早期的关注个体的创业自我效能的差异性、对创业意愿的影响、创业自我效能构念维度的讨论及相关测量量表的开发、对创业绩效的影响、当前已经过渡到更多地关注创业自我效能的前因，尝试揭示创业自我效能差异性及变化背后的原因。创业自我效能的前因研究已经成为当前创业自我效能研究的的理论前沿。针对创业自我效能前因研究的认真系统梳理，发现当前研究中存在着一些严重的不足，主要的研究不足在于：第一，已有前因研究中，外在因素的相关研究中还未能提供对于创业自我效能的影响机制。第二，严重忽视了情感因素对于创业自我效能的重要影响。第三，创业自我效能已有研究主要聚焦于其他类别的样本群体，但却忽视了创业者此一类创业活动的真正主体。识别出当前已有研究中存在的重要不足之后，为进一步推进创业自我效能前因研究的发展。本研究针对当前研究存在的重要不足，对于以下问题进行了探索：第一，创业者的过度自信偏见、控制幻觉偏见对于其创业自我效能具有怎样的影响？基于认知视角切入，尝试探索过度自信偏见、控制幻觉偏见两种认知偏见对于创业自我效能的影响。第二，创业者的积极情感对于创业自我效能具有怎样的影响？基于情感视角切入，尝试探索与揭示积极情感对于创业自我效能的影响。接下来，围绕过度自信偏见、控制幻觉偏见、与积极情感的相关理论关联进行了理论推导。在此基础上提出了相应的研究假设，并建立了对应的理论模型。之后开展大规模样本的调查研究，搜集研究数据。基于正式调查研究中获得的173份以创业者为调查对象的有效调查问卷数据，对相关研究假设进行了检验，并取得了相应的研究结论。本研究中取得的主要研究结论如下：第一，从创业者的认知视角切入，分析了过度自信偏见与创业自我效能之间的关系。研究结果表明，过度自信对创业自我效能具有显著的正向影响，但是对各维度的影响存在差异性，具体情况为：创业者的过度自信对其开发新机会效能具有显著的正向影响；创业者的过度自信对其建立创新环境效能具有显著的正向影响；创业者的过度自信对其建立投资者关系效能具有显著的正向影响；创业者的过度自信对其定义核心目标效能具有显著的正向影响；创业者的过度自信对其开发关键人力资源效能具有显著的正向影响；但是创业者的过度自信对其处理未预期到的挑战效能却并没有显著的影响。第二，从创业者的认知视角切入，分析了控制幻觉偏见与创业自我效能之间的关系。研究结果表明，控制幻觉对创业自我效能具有显著的正向影响，但是对各维度的影响存在差异性，具体情况为：创业者的控制幻觉对其建立创新环境效能具有显著的正向影响；创业者的控制幻觉对其处理未预期到的挑战效能具有显著的正向影响；但是创业者的控制幻觉对其开发新机会效能并不具有显著的正向影响；创业者的控制幻觉对其建立投资者关系效能并不具有显著的正向影响；创业者的控制幻觉对其定义核心目标效能并不具有显著的正向影响；创业者的控制幻觉对其开发关键性人力资源效能并不具有显著的正向影响。第三，从情感的视角切入，分析了创业者的积极情感与创业自我效能之间的关系。研究结果表明，创业者的积极情感对创业自我效能具有显著的正向影响。具体情况如下：创业者的积极情感对其开发新机会效能具有显著的正向影响；创业者的积极情感对其建立创新环境效能具有显著的正向影响；创业者的积极情感对其建立投资者关系效能具有显著的正向影响；创业者的积极情感对其定义核心目标效能具有显著的正向影响；创业者的积极情感对其处理未预期到的挑战效能具有显著的正向影响；创业者的积极情感对其开发关键性人力资源效能具有显著的正向影响。第四，分析了积极情感的调节效应，进一步揭示出积极情感对于创业自我效能的丰富细化的影响机制。研究结果表明积极情感对于控制幻觉与创业自我效能关系之间存在负向调节效应。具体情况如下：随着积极情感水平的提高，控制幻觉与机会开发效能之间的影响效应将逐渐降低；随着积极情感水平的提高，控制幻觉与建立创新环境效能之间的影响效应将逐渐降低。另外研究结果表明积极情感对于过度自信与创业自我效能之间关系并不具有调节效应。在讨论部分，研究者对于本研究中取得的研究结论与发现进行了深入的分析与讨论，揭示出当前研究中的研究结论与发现对于已有、未来理论研究及创业实践的启示。最后总结介绍了本研究中存在的研究不足、创新点及未来研究方向。
英文摘要：	After a systematic review on entrepreneurial self-ef?cacy literatures, a clear trend could be revealed. The focus of entrepreneurial self-ef?cacy literatures has shifted from concerning the heterogeneity between different individuals, influence on the entrepreneurial intention, discussion ofconstruct dimensions and measurement development of entrepreneurial self-efficacy to antecedents of entrepreneurial self-ef?cacy. Growing attentions and efforts are currently paying on exploring and revealing the reasons underlyingentrepreneurial self-ef?cacy’s heterogeneity and changes. Research on antecedents of entrepreneurial self-ef?cacy has become the newest theoretical frontier of entrepreneurial self-efficacy research. After the systematic review on entrepreneurial self-ef?cacy literatures, several critical weaknesses in current research were identified as follows: First, the existing relevant research of antecedents has not provided influencial mechanism for how external factors impact individual’s entrepreneurial self-ef?cacy yet.Second, the important influence of affective factors on entrepreneurial self-efficacy is criticallyignored.Third, research on entrepreneurial self-efficacy had been mainly focused on other categories of sample groups, but it has ignored the real subject of entrepreneurial activity(entrepreneur). After the critical and importantweaknesses in the existing research were identified, present study aimed to advance the existing research further. Specifically, following questions were explored: First, what is the relationships between entrepreneur'soverconfidence bias, illusion of control bias and his(her) entrepreneurial self-efficacy? Based on cognitive perspective, present study aimed to explore and reveal the influence of entrepreneur's overconfidence bias and illusion of control bias on his(her) entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Second, what is the relationship between positive affect and entrepreneurial self-efficacy? Based onperspective of affect, present study aimed to explore and reveal the influence of entrepreneur's positive affect on his(her) entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Theoretical deductionswereconducted based on theory of overconfidentbias, theory of illusion of controlbias, and theory of positive affect. The corresponding research hypotheses were proposed based on theoretical deductions, and theoretical model was developed subsequently. A large-scale-sample investigation on real entrepreneurs was conducted to collect research data to verify the theoretical relationships in the proposed theoretical model, and 173 useful questionnaire data was obtained finally. Research hypotheses were tested based on the useful data, and corresponding research conclusions were obtained finally. Main findings and conclusions in present study were as follows: First, starting fromthe perspective of entrepreneurial cognition, relationship between overconfidence bias and entrepreneurial self-efficacy was explored and analyzed. The results showed that there was a positive effect from overconfidence bias on entrepreneurial self-efficacy, but differences existed in the dimensions. Specifically: Overconfidence bias has a positive and significant effect on self-efficacy of developing new product and market opportunities; Overconfidence bias had a positive and significant effect on self-efficacy of building an innovative environment; Overconfidence bias had a positive and significant effect on self-efficacy of initiating investor relationships; Overconfidence bias had a positive and significant effect on self-efficacy of defining core purpose; Overconfidence bias had a positive and significant effect on self-efficacy of developing critical human resources; Overconfidence bias had a positive but insignificant effect on self-efficacy of coping with unexpected challenges. Second, starting from the perspective of entrepreneurial cognition, relationship between illusion of control bias and entrepreneurial self-efficacy was explored and analyzed.The results showed that there was a positive effect from illusion of control bias on entrepreneurial self-efficacy, but differences existed in the dimensions. Specifically: Illusion of control bias had a positive and significant effect on self-efficacy of building an innovative environment;Illusion of control bias had a positive and significant effect on self-efficacy of coping with unexpected challenges.Illusion of control bias had a positive but insignificant effect on self-efficacy of developing new product and market opportunities; Illusion of control bias had a positive but insignificant effect on self-efficacy of initiating investor relationships; Illusion of control bias had a positive but insignificant effect on self-efficacy of defining core purpose; Illusion of control bias had a positive but insignificant effect on self-efficacy of developing critical human resources; Third, starting from the perspective of affect, the relationship between positive affect and entrepreneurial self-efficacy was explored and analyzed.The results showed that there was a positive effect from positive affect on entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Specifically:Positive affect had a positive and significant effect on self-efficacy of developing new product and market opportunities; Positive affect had a positive and significant effect on self-efficacy of building an innovative environment; Positive affect had a positive and significant effect on self-efficacy of initiating investor relationships; Positive affect had a positive and significant effect on self-efficacy of defining core purpose; Positive affect had a positive and significant effect on self-efficacy of coping with unexpected challenges.Positive affect had a positive and significant effect on self-efficacy of developing critical human resources; Fourth, the moderating effects of positive affect was explored and analyzed to reveal more refined influence of positive affect. The results showed that positive affecthad a negative moderating effect on the relationship between illusion of control bias and entrepreneurial self-efficacy.Specifically:Positive affecthad a negative moderating effect on the relationship between illusion of control bias and self-efficacy of developing new product and market opportunities;Positive affecthad a negative moderating effect on the relationship between illusion of control bias and self-efficacy of building an innovative environment; The results showed that positive affect hadno significant moderating effect on the relationship betweenoverconfidence biasand entrepreneurial self-efficacy. In the discussion section, a deep and thorough analysis and discussion was conducted to reveal the contributions and insights of new findings and conclusions from present research for existing and future theoretical research and practice of entrepreneurship. In the final section, the weakness, innovations, and directions for future research of present research were summarized and reported.
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