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论文编号：	8460
作者编号：	2220130103
上传时间：	2016/6/13 11:47:02
中文题目：	工业4.0与中国制造业转型升级的路径
英文题目：	Industry 4.0 and the path to the transformation and upgrading of China''s manufacturing industry
指导老师：	杨斌
中文关键字：	工业4.0， 转型升级，商业模式，管理模式
英文关键字：	Industrial 4.0; transformation and upgrading; business model; management model.
中文摘要：	摘 要 “工业4.0”的概念是在2013年4月德国汉诺威工业博览会上正式提出的，并迅速成为德国国家战略。目的就是通过互联网与物联网与德国先进制造业的互联互通，奠定德国在重要关键技术上的国际顶尖地位，继续加强德国在制造业领域的国际优势与核心竞争力。工业4.0概念推出了后，成为德国的另一个标签。德国的实业界和科技界把人类以往发生的三次工业革命分别命名为工业1.0、工业2.0、工业3.0时代，把即将发生的第四次工业革命，命名为工业4.0时代，并得到广泛认可。人类近代史上，在由农业社会转入工业社会中，以往发生了三次工业革命：第一次工业革命，发生于18世纪60年代，以蒸汽机的发明和改良为起点，人类进入蒸汽时代。第二次工业革命，发生于19世纪70年代，以电力的发明和广泛使用为起点，人类进入电汽时代。第三次工业革命，发生于20世纪的四五十年代，以电子计算机、原子能技术发明为起点，人类进入信息时代。对于前二次工业革命来说，中国正处在大清王朝的中后期，虽然清朝中后期，中国也产生了一些零星的近代工业，但是没有成规模性发展和实质性的社会变革，中国完全错过了第一、二次工业革命。第三次工业革命上半段从开始到如火如荼的七十年代，中国也基本错过了它的上半段，改革开放后，中国的社会生产力迸发出了巨大的能量，中国赶上了第三次工业革命的下半段，经过三十多年的突飞猛进的发展，中国工业发展取得了巨大的成就，成为举世瞩目的世界工厂。到2010年，中国制造业规模世界第一，占18%；中国制造业规模世界第一，占22% ；在500余种主要工业产品中，中国拥有220种产量居世界第一，中国已成为世界第一制造业大国。但是，中国制造业问题是“大而不强”，是在我们以牺牲环境为代价，以“高投入、高能耗、高污染、低效率”的“三高一低”基础上取得的成绩。近二年来，随着国际经济环境的转变，中国经济发展速度转入下行通道，中国劳动力成本的迅速攀升，中国制造业面临空前的困境，2014-2015年，中国制造业出现了一波一波的倒闭潮，到了转型升级的历史节点。如何转型升级？转型升级的路径何在？按照德国专家的企业形态划分，中国企业处于1.0、2.0、3.0阶段的都有，根据本文作者2015年去广东、浙江调研来看，中国企业处在2.0阶段为主，如何面对新一轮工业革命的竞争？如何应对4.0时代的到来？实现中国制造业弯道超车？ 本文运用PEST分析法与SWOT分析法对工业4.0时代的宏观国际环境做出分析，对中国制造业的现状与优劣势做出判断，并借鉴德国企业转型升级的成功经验，日本企业转型升级的成功经验，以江浙、广东、山东等地区典型企业为标本，运用“微笑曲线理论”“迭代创新理论”。为中国企业的转型升级提出一些可行性路径探讨。
英文摘要：	Abstract The concept of“Industry 4.0” was officially proposed by Hanover Industrial Fair in April 2013 and quickly became the German national strategy. The objective of Germany is through the interconnection between its advanced manufacturing industry with Internet and Internet of Things to lay the top international position in important key technologies, and continue to strengthen Germany's international strengths and core competencies as well. After the introduction of the concept of“industry 4.0”, it has become another label of Germany. German business community and scientific community respectively named the past three industrial revolutions as Industrial 1.0, Industrial 2.0 and Industrial 3.0. They named the fourth impending industrial revolution as Industry 4.0 era, which has been widely recognized. In the modern history of mankind, the industrial revolution took place three times during the process of transforming from an agricultural society into an industrial society: The first industrial revolution occurred in the 1760s. With the invention and improvement of the steam engine as a starting point, humanity entered the age of steam. The second industrial revolution occurred in the 1870s. With the invention and widespread use of electricity as a starting point, humanity entered the age of electricity. Third industrial revolution occurred in the 1940s and 1950s. With the invention of computer and atomic energy technology as a starting point, humanity entered the information age. For the first two industrial revolutions, China was in the mid to late Qing Dynasty, during which period China produced some sporadic modern industry, but did not have large-scale and substantive social change, thus China completely missed the first and the second industrial revolutions. China also missed the first half of the third industrial revolution that began from the beginning to the 1970s. After the reform and opening-up policy, China's social productive forces burst out tremendous energy. China caught up with the second half of the third industrial revolution. After 30 years of rapid development, China's industrial development made great achievements. China became a world-renowned factory of the world. by 2010, China’s industrial scale ranked first in the world, accounting for 18%; the scale of China's manufacturing industry also ranked first in the world, accounting for 22%1; in more than 500 kinds of major industrial products, China has 220 kinds of products ranked first in the world in their output. China has become the world's largest manufacturing country. However, the problem is that China's manufacturing industry is "big but not strong", that it got achievements at the expense of sacrificing the environment on the basis of "three high and one low", namely, "high input, high energy consumption, high pollution and low efficiency". In recent two years, with the changing international economic environment, China's economic development speed has turned into the downstream channel. Meanwhile, China's manufacturing industry is facing unprecedented difficulties. During 2014-2015, Chinese manufacturing has experienced waves of factory closures and reached into the history junction of transformation and upgrading. How to achieve transformation and upgrading? Where is the path? In accordance with the enterprise form division by the German experts, there are Chinese enterprises that is in 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 stage, but according to the author of this article who went to Guangdong, Zhejiang for research in 2015, Chinese enterprises are mainly in 2.0 stage. How to deal with the arrival of 4.0 times? How to achieve overtaking around the curve for China's manufacturing industry? This paper uses PEST analysis and SWOT analysis to make an analysis of the macro international environment of Industry 4.0 times, make judgments about the advantages and disadvantages of the status quo of Chinese manufacturing, draw the successful experience of Japanese companies transformation and upgrading, with Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Shandong and other regions as typical enterprise samples, and use "smile curve theory '' and "iterative innovation theory'' to propose some feasible paths to explore for the transformation and upgrading of Chinese enterprises.
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