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论文编号：	8074
作者编号：	1120120773
上传时间：	2015/12/15 13:47:10
中文题目：	管理者环境扫描与认知变革研究
英文题目：	The Research on Managerial Environmental Scanning and Cognitive Change
指导老师：	王迎军
中文关键字：	环境扫描；信息加工；认知变革；启发式
英文关键字：	environmental scanning; information processing; cognitive change; heuristics
中文摘要：	当今的商业组织面对的是反复无常的环境，而了解外部环境中的事件、趋势及其之间的关系是企业高管们的一项关键信息活动。但现有环境扫描研究多关注于高管的感知环境不确定性与扫描行为之间的关系，对于影响扫描和信息吸收的因素以及有效的信息获取结果则鲜有探讨。因此本研究聚焦于企业高层管理者的环境扫描行为，采用信息加工的视角和实证与案例的混合研究设计，探究管理者从环境扫描到形成认知变革（即认知架构的变化）的过程与机制，并构建了整合环境扫描、信息加工、认知变革与信息来源选择理论的框架模型。 主要结论包括以下五点：第一，中国的管理者会根据感知环境不确定性对环境进行更高频率的扫描，并且对四种扫描模式的使用都有提高；第二，高管对环境变化性的感知能够提高其认知变革程度；第三，高管的环境扫描行为在感知环境变化性和认知变革之间起到中介的作用；第四，信息加工方式能够调节感知环境不确定性与扫描频率之间关系以及扫描行为和认知变革之间的关系；第五，高管依据感知信息质量和感知信息可获得性对通过环境扫描获取的信息进行整合、筛选和吸收，进而形成三种相对应的知识图式演化方式，即更新、过滤和扩增。 研究意义和主要创新包括以下四点：第一，将环境扫描研究与学习理论有机联系在一起，提出并验证企业高管环境扫描行为与认知变革的关系模型，发现高管感知环境变化性能够通过环境扫描影响认知变革；第二，使用中国样本来考察战略决策者如何进行环境扫描和信息加工，以及对环境的印象是如何形成的。本研究发现中国企业高管的环境感知和环境扫描行为既不同于北美发达国家，又不同于经历转型过渡的发展中国家，而是具有独特的特征；第三，从信息加工视角对企业管理者环境扫描行为和认知变革的结果进行探讨，将认知心理学理论引入知识管理领域，发现高管认知闭合需要和认知需要水平都能够调节环境扫描行为和认知变革程度；第四，将信息管理的理论与环境扫描理论结合，从信息加工角度探讨管理者知识图式的形成和演化过程。
英文摘要：	In recent years, firms are facing a very unstable environment, therefore acquiring information about events, trends and relations within external environment becomes a key information activity for top executives. Extant literature on environmental scanning mostly focused on the relationship between perceived environmental uncertainty and scanning behavior, however, little attention was paid to the antecedents and influential factors of environmental scanning and effective information absorption as learning outcome. As a result, this study focused on top executives’ environmental scanning behavior, adopted a perspective of information processing and applied the mixed research approach design to explore the process and mechanism from perceived environmental uncertainty to cognitive change. This study also established an integrated theoretical framework combining distinct theories. The main conclusions include: 1. Chinese top executives would raise scanning frequency of all mode according to perceived environmental uncertainty;2.Perceived environmental rate of change is highly correlated with cognitive change;3.Environmental scanning behavior mediates the relationship between perceived environment uncertainty and cognitive change;4. Cognitive style moderates relationship among perceived environmental uncertainty, scanning behavior and cognitive change;5.Managers absorb, filter and integrate information to achieve expansion, filtration and renewal of knowledge schema which indicate the learning outcome. The theoretical contributions and innovations include:1. This research links environmental scanning literature with individual learning theory from a micro perspective. It constructed and examined a theoretical model involving environmental scanning and cognitive change, finding out that perceived environmental rate of change may influence cognitive change by means of promoting environmental scanning behavior.; 2. This research used a sample of Chinese top executives and found out that their environmental perception and scanning behavior were distinct from those of north Americans and other transitional countries’;3. This research brought cognitive psychology into knowledge management, finding out that Need For Cognitive Closure and Need For Cognition can both moderate top executives’ environmental scanning and cognitive change; 4. This research linked information management theory with environmental scanning theory and revealed the formation and evolution of managerial knowledge schema.
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