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论文编号：	756
作者编号：	2120062386
上传时间：	2008/12/10 11:04:35
中文题目：	中国污染物排放权交易市场研究
英文题目：	Research on China Emissions Tr
指导老师：	张晓农
中文关键字：	环境保护,总量控制,排污权交易
英文关键字：	Environment protection Total
中文摘要：	环境是人类赖以生存、繁衍和发展的空间依托和基本条件，环境还为经济发展发挥着废弃物容纳所的功能。随着我国经济的高速发展，环境污染问题日益突出，不仅为经济发展和人民生活水平提高制造了难以修复的创伤，而且还承受着巨大的国际社会压力。在这样的背景下，排污权交易或许能够成为中国环保问题的一条新出路。 排污权交易是指在满足环境要求的前提下，由管理当局设定特定区域的排污量上限，以此上限为基准发放排污权许可证，且该许可证可以像证券一样在特定的市场上自由交易。企业通过对治理污染和购买排污权的行为选择，实现自身污染治理成本的最小化，进而推动整个控制区域的环境治理成本最小化，从而实现国家的宏观环境保护目标。 本文从理论和实践的角度对排污权交易市场的建立作了较为深入的研究。 首先，本文分析了排污权交易市场建立和运行的法学和经济学依据，并初步建立了市场运作的理论基础。 其次，本文对排污权交易市场建立的步骤和市场相关要素的关系作了较为详细的论述。市场建立的步骤包括制定污染物排放控制的总量目标和消减计划、分配污染物的初始排放权和建立排污权许可证交易规则等，这三个步骤地实施可以带领我们初步建立排污权交易市场；市场的要素包括交易市场、市场主体、市场客体、市场中介和市场监管，这是证券市场相关理论在排污权交易市场的应用。 最后，针对我国国情，本文重点分析了排污权交易市场建立和运行过程中的几个问题。其中，从浓度控制到总量控制的政策转变是排污权交易市场建立的基础，污染物排放数据的质量和有效认证是排污权交易市场运行的基础，交易成本和污染物适用范围也是和市场运作息息相关的重要问题。
英文摘要：	Environment is the basis and support of human survival, reproduction and development, and also the waste container during the economic development. Along with the rapid growth of our economy, the environmental problem, not only bringing much wounds to economic development and people’s living standards, but also tremendous pressure from the international community, become more and more serious in these years. With this background, emission trade could be a new solution to the environmental problem of China. Emission trade is a mean of the environmental protection meeting the environment requirement, establishing pollution permits allowed under the authorities’ upper limit in certain region, and allowing the pollution permits to be transacted in the free market as the securities. Through the control of the pollution and the purchase of pollution permits，enterprises could minimize their pollution control costs, and then the costs of the whole region can be minimized, at last, the country's macro-environmental protection goals can be achieved. This paper has made an in-depth study on the establishment of the emissions trading market from the theoretical and practical point. Firstly, the law and economics basis of the establishment and operation of emission trading market are analyzed, and then a theoretical basis of the market running is established. Secondly, the steps to establish emissions trading market and market-related factors are discussed in details. The steps to establish the market, including the control of the total amount of pollutant emission, reduction plans, the initial allocation of pollutants emission and the establishment of emission trading rules, can lead us to implement the initial establishment of emissions trading market. Market-related factors, including transaction market, market subject, market object, market intermediary and market regulation, is related to the securities market theory in the emissions trading market application. Finally, for China's national conditions, this paper analyzed a number of issues in the process of the establishment and operation of the emissions trading market. The change of policy from the concentration control to the total amount control is the basis for the market establishment. Emissions data quality and certification is the key to the market operation. Transaction costs and the applicability of pollutants are also closely related to the market running.
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