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论文编号：	7518
作者编号：	1120125022
上传时间：	2015/6/11 11:16:15
中文题目：	制造企业绿色生产与绿色供应商的评价指标研究 —— 以台湾印刷电路板产业为例
英文题目：	Evaluation of Green Production and Green Suppliers by Manufacturing Enterprises: Using the Printed Circuit Board Industry in Taiwan as an Example
指导老师：	薛有志
中文关键字：	绿色生产；绿色供应链；绿色供应商；评价指标；模糊实验室分析法
英文关键字：	green production; green supply chain; green supplier; evaluation index; fuzzy decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (Fuzzy DEMATEL) model
中文摘要：	联合国环境规划署（United Nations Environmental Programme, UNEP）于 1989 年开始积极推动绿色生产（Green Production, GP）之后，绿色生产与绿色环境已成为国际共通语言，各国政府逐步重视工业生产活动朝向绿色生产理念，将绿色生产纳入国家发展策略的重要一环。绿色生产逐渐发展成为包括制程面、产品面及服务面等面向之全方位解决措施，以因应复杂的环境、资源、 生态、经济、贸易及永续课题。 制造企业当中，特别是电子产品的生产污染与废弃物污染日益严重。为了因应企业环境管理的大趋势，制造企业必须在绿色生产、绿色供应链、绿色供应商管理、绿色营销与友善环境等活动进行企业绿色管理。 绿色生产主要是在生产制造过程中，将废弃物对环境危害降到最低，使得能资源及原物料能做最有效的运用。绿色生产不仅强调工业制造过程的污染预防，并且将所有可能会对生态环境产生的影响，均纳入其范围之内。而且，制造企业要将绿色生产的绩效表现优异，这其中绿色供应商又扮演了非常重要的角色。 绿色供应商管理主要是指供需双方在进行原料减量、循环利用、回收再利用、毒性物质替代等活动。绿色供应链是藉由生产或采购的关联性，将自有品牌商、委托代工设计、委托代工制造商及提供原物料、零组件、支持性物料等各阶供应商串联起来，短期目标为确保每一个原物料、零耝件材质、制程条件与使用之相关物料，都能符合相关环保规范，以提供绿色产品予客户或一般消费者。长期目标则可结合资源化产业，建立完整回收体系，透过能资源之循环再生，逐步实现永续发展之愿景。绿色供应商管理的活动，其实是在针对双方厂商的内部与外部组织功能进行绿色管理。 因此，要探讨制造企业的绿色管理绩效，绿色生产与绿色供应商的评价是非常重要的两个部份。 但是，如何去评价绿色生产与绿色供应商?应该选取哪些评价指标?各评价指标如何相互影响?本研究以制造企业的「绿色生产」与「绿色供应链」的评价为主要的研究重点，以台湾印刷电路板产业为案例，探讨「绿色生产」与「绿色供应商」的评价指标、评价指标的重要性与表现度，评价指标间的相互影响关系等问题。 传统上关于制造企业绿色生产或绿色供应商评价指标研究，有两个很大的不足之处在于:第一，有些研究假设评价的指标权重相等，没有差异。第二，大多数的研究都假设评价指标之间，互相独立，没有相互影响关系，也没有因果关系。 但是，实际上这些评价指标可能会相互影响，而且影响的关系可能颇为错综复杂。为了解决这个问题，本研究提出了不同以往的研究方法与研究架构。首先，应用重要度与表现度分析法（Importance- Performance Analysis, IPA），评估绿色生产与绿色供应商各项评价指标之重要度与表现度。其次，运用模糊实验室分析法（Fuzzy Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory, Fuzzy DEMATEL），评估绿色生产与绿色供应商各项评价指标之因果与相互影响关系。最后，结合重要度与表现度分析法与模糊实验室分析法方法，提出绿色管理的策略建议。 本研究经由8位专家一起讨论，针对绿色生产评价指标，讨论后得出4个评价构面，包含16项评价指标；针对绿色生产评价指标，讨论后得出4个评价构面，包含12项评价指标。 根据研究结论显示，对于台湾PCB产业绿色生生产评价指标来说，有5个评评价指标是绿色生产的关键指标。本研究发现b1「环保设备经费占营收比重」与d1「产品绿色设计」这2个指标表现良好，应该继续保持，PCB产业应该将这2项指标应该列为重点，继续投入资源，持续保持领先，不仅可以继续提高绿色绩效，更可以顺带提升其它指标的竞争力。c2「再生废水利用率」、c3「废弃物回收与处理率」与d2「主要原料绿色采购比例」这3个指标表现不佳，应该加强改善，PCB产业中的企业应该立刻集中公司资源，解决再生废水利用与废弃物回收与处理的问题，否则企业的绿色生产绩效将无法有效提升。 根据研究结论显示，对于台湾PCB产业绿色供应商评价指标来说，有4个评评价指标是绿色供应商的核心关键指标。本研究发现 x2「持续监测与符合法规」与z1「产品绿色设计」这2个指标表现良好，应该继续保持，PCB企业应该将这2项指标应该列为重点，突出其重要性，以强化其绿色供货商的竞争能力。w3「有害废弃物的处理」与x3「环境管理系统的成效」这2个指标表现不佳，应该加强改善，解决有害废弃物回收与处理、环境管理系统的整体问题，以改善企业的绿色供应商绩效。
英文摘要：	Since the United Nations Environmental Programme began actively promoting green production（GP）in 1989, GP and green environments have become global topics. Governments in every country are gradually focusing on directing industrial productions to GP and have incorporated GP as a critical element in national development strategies. GP has gradually been developed into a full-range measure that incorporates process, product, and service dimensions for assessing complex topics on the environment, resources, ecology, economy, commercial trade, and sustainability. Among manufacturing enterprises, pollution caused by producing electronic products and the derived waste is, in particular, increasing. In response to the trend of corporate environmental management, manufacturing enterprises must execute green enterprise management on activities related to GP, green supply chain, green management, green marketing, and environmental friendliness. However, the topics on how to evaluate GP and green supplier and select evaluation indices as well as how reciprocal influences are exhibited among the evaluation indices are crucial. Therefore, this study focused on the evaluations of GP and green supply chain conducted by manufacturing enterprises and employed the printed circuit board（PCB）industry in Taiwan as an example to examine the evaluation indices for GP and green supplier, importance and performance of the indices, and reciprocal influences among them. The conventional evaluation index study on the evaluations of GP and green supplier conducted by manufacturing enterprises have two major shortcomings:（a）Some studies have hypothesized that the index weights used for evaluations are equal and exhibit no difference.（b）Most studies have hypothesized that the evaluation indices are independent of each other and exhibit no reciprocal influences or causal relationships. However, such evaluation indices can share complex reciprocal influences and relationships. To confirm these findings, this study proposed a research method and structure that differed from those employed in previous studies. First, the importance–performance analysis was employed to evaluate the importance and performance of various evaluation indices used for GP and green supplier evaluations. Second, the fuzzy decision making trial and evaluation laboratory was used to evaluate the causal relationships and reciprocal influences among the various evaluation indices for evaluating the GP and green supplier. Finally, by combining the importance–performance analysis and fuzzy decision making trial and evaluation laboratory, a strategic recommendation for green management was proposed. Eight specialists discussed the GP evaluation index and subsequently obtained 4 evaluation dimensions, which incorporated 16 evaluation indices. In addition, 4 evaluation dimensions, which incorporated 12 evaluation indices, were acquired for the GP evaluation index. The results indicated that, for the GP evaluation index of the PCB industry in Taiwan, 5 evaluation indices were critical for GP. Two indices exhibited favorable performance and should thus be retained, namely b1 “proportion of funding for environmental protection equipment to total revenue” and d1 “green product design.” Therefore, the PCB industry should list these 2 indices as the key indices, maintain the 2 indices as the leading indices, and continue investing resources in the environmental protection equipment and green product design. Thereby, green performance can continue to be improved and the competitiveness of other indices can be increased. However, 3 indices exhibited poor performance and should thus be improved, namely c2 “usage rate of regenerated wastewater,” c3 “waste recycling and management rate,” and d2 “proportion of green procurement of primary raw materials.” Enterprises in the PCB industry should immediately centralize company resources to solve the problems regarding regenerated wastewater usage as well as waste recycling and management. Otherwise, the GP performance of the enterprises cannot be effectively enhanced. The results indicated that, for the green supplier evaluation index of the PCB industry in Taiwan, 4 evaluation indices served as the core and key indices for green suppliers. Two indices exhibited favorable performance and should therefore be retained, namely x2 “continuous monitoring and compliance with regulations” and z1 “green product design.” The PCB industry should therefore list these 2 indices as the key indices and highlight their importance to strengthen the competitiveness of measuring green suppliers. Nevertheless, 2 indices, namely w3 “hazardous waste management” and x3 “the effect of environmental management system,” performed poorly and should be improved. In addition, the overall problems related to waste recycling and management as well as environmental management systems should be resolved to improve the green supplier performance of enterprises.
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