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论文编号：	7428
作者编号：	2120132507
上传时间：	2015/6/9 19:59:30
中文题目：	从本质属性看我国档案定义研究
英文题目：	Research On Arichives Definition In China
指导老师：	伍振华
中文关键字：	档案；档案定义；本质属性；原始记录性；备以查考性
英文关键字：	Archives; Definition of Archives; Essential Attribute;Attribute of Original Recording ;Attribute of Trying to Ascertain
中文摘要：	档案定义，作为档案学基础理论的基石，不仅在国际上是重点研究的主题之一，而且在国内也是众学者一直探讨争鸣的焦点。本研究试图找到并论证这样一种档案定义，它能为档案学理论研究、档案实践提供一个底线，具有最大程度的灵活性和普适性；并在论述的过程中，对定义研究相关的方式方法和理念进行分析，以期为今后相关的研究和实践起到参考借鉴的作用。 本研究共分为五部分。第一部分是绪论，介绍了本研究的背景，理论和实践意义，研究方法，研究目标和国内研究现状、创新点和难点等内容，为文章的主要内容做铺垫。这部分的国内研究现状内容，以时间为线索，纵向梳理了上世纪五十年代以来我国档案定义研究的总体情况，本研究遍历相关文献，在附录中提供了一个表格，表格列举了六十多年来有代表性的档案定义。第二部分是本研究的重要章节，从本质属性入手，分类对我国档案定义研究的典型观点进行了梳理和分析。总体上分为三部分，第一部分具体论述了坚持"原始记录性是档案本质属性"这一观点的整体发展历程，将这一观点根据发展过程中的变化和差异细分为三类，并在每一类观点中列举出代表性学者，介绍和分析其思想的发展与转变。第一类观点是纯粹的原始记录性，认为档案是第一手资料，当时当地直接形成的。坚持这类的学者中刘东斌先生最为典型。第二类观点，认为档案是历史的原始记录或原始的历史记录，有这种观点的学者中王英玮先生比较具有代表性。第三类观点，表面上是坚持原始记录性，其实在研究的过程中渐渐向非原始记录性靠拢，比如丁海斌先生。在原始记录性说的后半部分，本文就此观点的总体特征进行总结，并对其存在的自相矛盾和误区之处进行举例论证。第二部分论述的观点，是在对“原始记录性说”部分肯定基础上的发展，是对“原始记录性说”的扬弃。在第三部分，本研究就“非原始记录性说”（否认原始记录性是档案的本质属性）进行分类具体分析和论述，同样按照之前的行文逻辑和顺序进行撰写。在全文第二部分的最后一节，本研究从整体上对之前的分析进行总结，指出原始记录性说和非原始记录性说的各自特征和合理与不合理之处，并提出寻找一个统一的定义的重要性和意义。 本研究的第三部分对定义方法和公式的选择进行了介绍，分析后决定采取“属概念加种差”的定义方式，并探讨了本质属性在档案定义中的重要性。 文章的第四部分分别从属概念和种差的角度对档案是具有备以查考性的文献这一定义的科学合理性进行分析论证。在选择属概念时，本文将文献与其他常见的档案属概念如文件，文件材料，历史记录，原始记录，固化信息等进行对比分析，通过比较各自作为属概念的优缺点，得出文献作为属概念的理由和优势。并在分析内涵与外延时，会涉及到档案信息，实物档案等相关概念。在选择种差即本质属性时，本文会结合第二部分论述到的相关内容，对比备以查考性和原始记录性，分析两者的区别与联系，列举两种观点的优劣势，优中择优，论述备以查考性的科学合理性。最后，本研究对“档案是具有备以查考性的文献”这一定义的合理性，不合理性及普适性进行论证，不论是从定义方式方法上，还是理念上，还是属概念和种差的选择上，虽然存在表达上容易产生误解的缺陷，就目前看来，这一定义是最符合本研究目标的定义。 最后一部分对本研究的不足进行了介绍，并对未来研究方向进行了展望。 要在众说纷纭的情况下对档案定义及本质属性达成必要共识，有很大的难度：术语学是一门分支学科，建立档案学科学术语体系需要尊重既有的科学合理主流认识，需要广泛深入的调查研究和科学有力论证，更需要众学者的努力和合作。
英文摘要：	As the cornerstone of Archives Science,defination of archives is not only one of the international key research topics, but in domestic the focus of contention which many scholars have been exploring for several years. This study tries to find and prove such a definition of archives, which can provide a bottom line for Archives Science theory research and archival practice, with the greatest degree of flexibility and universality; and in the process of discussion, the definition of research methods and related concepts are analyzed, in order for future research and practice related to reference. This study is divided into five parts. The first part is the introduction of the research background, theoretical and practical significance, research methods, research objects,research situation, innovative points and difficulties,paving the way for the main content of this paper . In the part of the present situation of domestic research content, it provides a table, which lists the representative definitions of archives for more than 60 years in the appendix. The second part is the most important chapter of this study, starting from the essential attribute, classified archival researches on the definition of typical viewpoints. It is divided into three parts,.In the first section, this paper discusses the whole course of development of the point: "original records is the essential attribute of archives”. Based on the changes in the process of development and different segments,it divides into three categories, and in every kind of view there are representative scholars, introducing and analysising the development and transition of the thought. The first view is that the arhives is first hand information. Mr. Liu Dongbin is one of the most typical scholars. The second view argues that achives is the original record of histoy,representative scholar of this view is Mr.Wang Yingwei. The third view,which is adhere to the original records on the surface,is actually in the process of to non original records.Mr.Ding Haibin holds this point. In the latter part of original records, the general characteristics of this view were summarized. In the second part, the point of view is based on "original record",developing the useful and discarding the useless. In the third part, this paper classified "the non original records said" (denied original records is the essential attribute of Archives) with a detailed analysis and discussion. In the last section of the second part of this paper, the research from the whole of previous analysis were summarized, pointing out that the original records of theory and non original records of their respective characteristics and reasonable and unreasonable place, and it is necessary to search for the meaning and the importance of a uniform definition. In the third part of this study ,definition methods and formula selection are introduced.Then,it discusses the importance of essential attribute in the definition of archives. The fourth part of the article demonstrates the rationality of “Achives is a kind of literature with the attribute to trying to ascertain”. When disscussing class conception.,this paper lists the literature and other common concepts such as files, documents and materials, the historical record, the original record and fixity information.And in the analysis of the connotation and extension, there will involve archives information, archives and other related concepts. In the choice of essential attributes, this article will analysis the difference and connection between Attribute of Original Recording and attribute of trying to ascertain, list the advantages and disadvantages of two kinds of views, discusses the scientific and rational. Finally, the study demonstrate rationality, irrationality and general applicability of atttibute of trying to ascertain. In the last part, the research difficulties, innovation and shortcomings are introduced, as well as the future research. There is a great difficulty in reaching a consensus: terminology is a subdiscipline, establishing archives science terminology system need to respect for the existing scientific and reasonable mainstream cognition .It needs more efforts and cooperation of many scholars.
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