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论文编号：	732
作者编号：	2220060709
上传时间：	2008/6/21 16:25:33
中文题目：	H公司项目导向型组织设计的研究
英文题目：	Project-guided organization de
指导老师：	张玉利 教授
中文关键字：	项目管理、项目导向型组织、职能
英文关键字：	Project management Project-gu
中文摘要：	中文摘要 随着社会的进步，人们的生活水平和受教育程度的提高，市场的个性化趋势逐渐加强，产品的生命周期越来越短，这就造成企业的日常运营中，出现了大量具有独特性、一次性的活动。企业针对个性化需求而设计开发的产品面向特定的目标市场，有着特定的盈利目标。同时，企业所进行的所有开发、生产、销售活动都必须受到资金、时间、人员等的资源限制，虽然企业整个生产经营活动不会因为某个产品的衰退而停止，但就单个产品而言，从创意产生到退出市场的全生命周期，就具有项目的特性：目的性、独特性、一次性、创新性。随着产品生命周期越来越短，单个产品的“项目化”特征也就越强，实施项目管理的效果就越好。一个生产企业如有多个产品，就会形成多项目管理。而要成功、有效的完成大多数项目管理的任务，就需要对企业进行项目导向型企业的改造，而完成项目导向型组织设计是企业进行项目导向型改造的核心。 项目导向型企业是指其所生产的产品或提供的服务大都是根据客户的定制要求来设计的那类企业。项目导向型企业的大部分的工作都以项目为特征，而每一个项目作为一个独立核算的单元，有自己的盈亏报告。企业的总利润就是所有的项目利润之和。在项目导向型企业中，工作大多都与项目有关，企业的组织是基于项目管理来设计的，其组织又称为项目导向型组织。项目导向型组织多采用矩阵型和项目型组织，很少采用职能型组织。另外，矩阵型组织中又包括弱矩阵、平衡矩阵和强矩阵三种组织形式。职能型组织适合低成本的大规模生产，项目导向型组织能够适合于市场的个性化趋势，并能及时、迅速应对市场的变化，有利创新，有利于企业基于项目进行管理工作。 本文的研究方法和步骤是通过对H公司生存的一般外部环境，应用PEST分析法来分析；对H公司的产业具体环境，应用波特的“五种力量模型”分析法来分析；对H公司的企业内部具体环境，应用价值链描述法来分析。从而得出H公司的三条企业战略，它们是：第一条企业战略是中国商用洗碗机市场才刚刚起步，市场机遇很大，H公司应抓住机遇，降低成本，扩大生产规模，去抢占市场份额，提高市场的占有率；第二条企业战略是H公司在同行业的竞争中，应大力开发新产品，搞创新，以期在同业竞争中拔得头筹，确保自己拥有产品行业定价权的地位，并大幅提高市场的保有量；第三条企业战略是要做到“整体厨房配套、整体售后服务”。并根据管理学中，美国的雷蒙德.迈尔斯（Raymond Miles）和 查尔斯.斯诺（Charles Snow）根据对既定产品或经营项目如何进行竞争的方式和态度不同，将企业战略区分为保守型战略、风险型战略及分析型战略三大类，并总结了相应组织与之对应。本文根据上述原理并通过对三条H公司的企业战略进行逐条分析，从一般外部环境分析中得出的第一条企业战略对应的是保守型战略，对应的组织为职能型组织；到从产业具体环境分析中得出的第二条企业战略对应的风险型战略，对应的组织为项目型组织；再到从内部环境分析中得出的第三条企业战略对应的分析型战略，对应的组织为强矩阵型组织。一步一步深入，最终得出适用于H公司的基于项目管理的组织为强矩阵型组织。随后，再设计出H公司的强矩阵组织结构和制定出为维持该组织的有效运行的保障措施。 本文研究的目的是从H公司主要生产商用洗碗机的企业的实际出发，借鉴了管理学和项目管理的理论和方法，对在像H公司这样的生产制造企业里设计和建立项目导向型组织进行了深入的分析和论证。并为H公司重新设计和构建了项目导向型组织，并同时为H公司的项目导向型组织的顺利运行制订了一套完备有效的保障措施。并同时阐明了项目导向型组织的设计重点就是：组织必须服从于企业战略；组织必须能够适应市场的个性化趋势，及时、迅速应对市场的变化，有利创新，有利于企业基于项目进行管理工作；组织必须拥有完善的责权利的规章制度体系，在这一体系中就应包括能够使项目导向型组织顺利运行的保障措施。 本文研究的意义在于借鉴管理学和项目管理理论和方法，在生产企业建立项目导向型组织以提高企业对市场环境的深刻变化的适应性和管理的有效性，使企业更好地适应市场，满足顾客日益增强的个性化需求，为企业在激烈的市场竞争中，扩大市场占有率，创造良好的经济效益打下坚实基础。 关键词：项目管理 项目导向型组织 职能型组织 矩阵型组织 保障措施
英文摘要：	Abstract With the advancement of society and increase of people’s living standard and education level, the tendency of market individuality gradually intensifies, making the life cycle of products shorter and shorter. In this way, large amounts of one-off and peculiar innovative activities well up. In order to satisfy the individualized demands, corporations research and design special products, which face peculiar target market and have their specified profit target. Meanwhile, all the exploiture , production and sales activities are confined by the resources like finance, time and staff. The whole production running will not stop because of the depression of one product. However, for single product, from the originality appears to the product dies out of the market, its life cycle bears the characteristics of project---target, peculiarity, one time and innovativeness. As the life cycle of products shortens gradually, the character of “project” will be more obvious, and the effect of project management will be better. In corporations with varieties of products, there will be multi-project management. To finish all tasks of project management successfully and effectively, we should reform the corporation to be project-guided. To finish this reform, we must find the kernel — project-guided organization design. Project-guided organization refers to those who manufacture products and provide services with special design in accordance with customer order. Most work of these organizations has project as the main character. Every project acts as an independent unit and has its own profit-and-loss report. The total profit of the enterprise is the summation of that of all projects. In project-guided organizations, most work is related to project. The organization structure is designed based on project management. This structure is also called project-guided organization. These organizations usually adopt matrix and projected structure, scarcely using functional structure. Moreover, matrix organizations are composed of three kinds: weak, balanced and strong matrix organizations. Functional structure is suitable for the mass productions with low cost, while project-guided organization can suit the individualized tendency of the market and reply to the changes promptly and rapidly, which is beneficial to the innovation and management based on projects. The research method and procedure of this thesis is to analyze with PEST method through the general external environment that corporation H is in. For the concrete moderate environment, Michael Porter’s Five Forces Model should be applied; for the internal environment, Value Chain model can be used. Here we can get three enterprise strategy of corporation. First, the washer market just started, it has a large market potential. H should take use of this opportunity, reducing the costs and enlarging production scale to get market share and increase the share percentage. Second, in the competition, H should put enough strength in developing new products, carrying on innovation to be in the top grade among the similar industries. This can ensure its position in rating and increase its capacity at the same time. Third, H makes a strategy of “integral kitchen station, integral after service”. Also it takes reference from the Americans Raymond Miles and Charles Snow. Based on the difference of competition method and attitude of certain product or project, it divides corporation strategy into conservative, risk and analysis strategy. This thesis analyses the three different strategies one by one, getting the following conclusion: the first strategy of general external environment corresponds to conservative strategy, which is called functional organization; the second strategy from moderate environment corresponds to risk strategy, which is projected organization; the third strategy from the internal environment corresponds to analysis strategy, which is called strong matrix organization. This is also the one fits H best. After that, it makes out the guarantee measures to maintain the effective operation of this organization. This paper aims to take H as an example, using the theory and means of management theology and project management for reference, deeply analyses the necessity of project-guided organization in these corporations. It also designs a new structure and effective measure for H, illuminating the design point is that: organization must obey strategy; it must suit the individualized tendency of the market; it must own a complete system with good principles and responsibilities, in which should include the effective measures to ensure the effective operation. The meaning of research lies in borrowing the theory and means of management theology and project management for reference, setting up project-guided organizations to increase the adaptness to changes and effectiveness of management. This can help the corporation suit the market better and satisfy the gradually strengthened individualized requirements. It will help to create a stable foundation for enlarging market share and creating fruitful economic benefits in the fierce market competition. Key Words: Project management, Project-guided organization, Functional organization, Matrix organization , Guarantee measures
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