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论文编号：	707
作者编号：	2120052038
上传时间：	2008/6/20 14:16:34
中文题目：	产业集群治理研究-以天津开发区
英文题目：	Research On Industrial Cluster
指导老师：	于仲鸣
中文关键字：	产业集群;治理;生物医药产业
英文关键字：	Industrial cluster;Governance;
中文摘要：	本文在对产业集群理论和产业集群治理理论进行深入分析的基础上，构建了一个产业集群的治理模型，并且进一步建立了产业集群治理的分析框架。在此框架中，产业集群治理包括产业集群地方性治理和产业集群的价值链治理。产业集群地方性治理和价值链治理是相互作用、相互补充、共同促进产业集群发展的，前者偏重于区域中企业与机构等内部关系的治理，后者侧重于外部关系治理，两者作用互补，形成产业集群的完整治理框架。产业集群作为一种介于企业和市场之间的中间组织，其治理目标是提升集群的竞争力，作为一种网络协作型的组织形态，产业集群成员都是治理的主体，又都是被治理的对象。 产业集群地方性治理涉及企业家、地方政府、地方网络等地方性力量。首先，笔者认为企业家在产业集群演化和发展过程中具有重要驱动作用。一方面，企业家通过积极改变和营造有利于集群发展的各种因素而促进集群的萌生；另一方面，通过推动集群内企业家网络关系的发展，从而保障集群的发展。产业集群治理具有网络治理的特性 。其次，市场网络和社会网络共同构成了产业集群的地方网络。市场网络是指集群中企业，上、下游供应商，分销商等以及延伸至集群外部价值链上的合作公司之间在交换资源、传递资源活动过程中发生联系时建立的各种关系的总和，本文选择市场网络中的商会和行业协会作为分析对象，来分析市场网络在产业集群治理中的作用；社会网络主要指金融机构、中介组织、公共机构等，虽然也是市场经济中的独立主体，但它们承担着相应的公共职能，向市场提供准公共产品和服务，本文选择社会网络中的高校为例，说明社会网络在产业集群治理中的作用。最后，政府应当在产业集群治理中定位为以下方面，包括：公共品的供给、提供有效的公共服务、提供高级生产要素、创建区域创新系统、扶植中介组织、集群环境的维护和经济指导。地方政府促进产业集群发展主要包括以下几种模式，通过这些模式实现对产业集群的治理，包括：促进企业间横向和纵向合作关系的形成与发展；通过建立各类地方性行业协会和专业化服务机构为中小企业提供支持。 本文结合生物医药产业的特点对生物医药产业集群治理进行了分析。现代生物医药产业是指将现代生物技术与新药研究、开发、生产以及各种疾病的诊断、防治和治疗相结合的产业具有高技术、高投入、高风险、高回报、产业化周期长的特点。大量的生物技术来源机构(大学和科研机构)、生物技术企业、制药企业及其相关的服务机构在地域上的集聚，并通过协同作用，形成强劲、持续竞争优势的产业形态，这种产业形态就是生物医药产业集群，它具有高度集聚性、垂直互动性、资源共享性的特点。本文从科研机构、公共研发服务平台、资金来源、知识产权保护机制、中介、行业协会和地方政府这几方面对生物医药产业地方网络治理进行了阐述，而生物医药产业集群价值链治理是从技术流、资金流、信息流和物质流四个方面进行考虑的。 本文结合天津开发区生物医药产业集群的治理进行了案例分析。国内主要生物医药产业聚集区域包括，北京生物工程和医药产业基地、上海张江药谷产业基地、广州国际生物岛、长沙国家生物产业基地等，天津开发区是天津生物医药产业较为集中的区域。各基地在强调基地规模壮大的同时，突出了各自重点的发展方向，北京和上海更注重高端的研发，而广州和长沙则着力企业的培养和产业规模的壮大。和这些国家级生物医药产业基地相比，天津开发区目前在园区功能划分、平台建设、资源聚集程度、创新成果数量，还是在产业规模上，都还有一定差距。但从整个产业发展环境看，天津开发区还是面临巨大的机遇，若处理好集群的地方性治理和价值链治理，完全有机会使开发区生物医药产业嵌入全球价值链，促使产业不断升级。要想赶上国内先进地区，成为亚太地区有影响力的医药研发和制造基地，既要考虑到产业升级的一般性，不断扩大产业规模，为产业升级奠定基础。同时也要采取一些非常规手段，瞄准国际医药行业热点领域，从高端介入，实现跨越式产业升级。在对目前天津开发区生物医药产业发展现状进行分析的基础上，本文提出了开发区生物医药产业集群升级的路径，包括以下主要阶段。第一，产业资源“堆积”阶段： 该阶段主要任务就是吸引各类生物医药企业和机构进驻，快速扩大产业规模和影响力，在较短的时间内出形象、见成效，从形态上打响生物医药研发和制造基地的品牌。第二，产业资源“聚变”阶段：该阶段是一个地区产业由“量变”到“质变”的过程，是一个地区实现产业升级的关键。主要任务是在各类产业资源充分聚集的基础上，促进区内企业之间的不断融合、分化和淘汰，扶持原生地创新型企业，培育未来产业增长点；针对新药研发和产业化的关键技术节点，打造一个高质量的新药研发及商品化的平台，提升开发区生物医药产业自主创新能力。第三，产业资源“国际化”阶段：积极参与生物医药产业全球分工，对周边地区输出产品和技术，在更大的范围配置产业资源，是一个地区产业升级的必然表现，同时也是保持该地区生物医药产业持续发展的客观要求。开发区目前生物制药产业主要还是集中于药品制造，在研发环节上相对薄弱，还没有建立一套行之有效的研发创新体系，基本上还是处于第一阶段。 关键字：产业集群 治理 生物医药产业
英文摘要：	In this thesis, the author sets up a mode of Industry Cluster Governance (hereafter as ICG for short), basing on the in-depth analysis of the theory of Industry Cluster (hereafter as IC for short) and ICG. An analytical framework including local governance of IC and value chain governance of IC is also developed. The local governance of IC and value chain governance of IC interacting with and reinforcing one another, boost the development of IC together. The former focuses on the governance of internal relationship within the region such as enterprises and organizations, and later focuses on the governance of external relationship, which constitute complete framework of governance. IC as a type of organization between enterprises and market aims to enhance the competitive ability of itself. As a network collaborative organization, all the members of IC are both subject and object of governance. Local governance of IC involves entrepreneurs, local government and local network, etc. Firstly, the author holds that entrepreneurs have important driving effect during the evolution and development of IC. On the one hand, entrepreneurs affect and create many factors in favor of the development of IC to ensure the development of IC. On the other hand, entrepreneurs promote entrepreneurship network to ensure the development of IC. Secondly, ICG share features of network governance. Market network and social network constitute local network of IC. The market network refers to the total network including suppliers from upstream and downstream, distributors, and cooperative firms on the value chain extending to the outside of the IC. The commerce chamber and industry association of the market network are chosen as object being analyzed to explore the effect of market network. Social network refer to financial institutes, brokers and other public organizations. Although members of Social network are independent entities, they undertake public functions, providing sub-public products and service. Universities and colleges are chosen in this thesis to explain the function of social network in the ICG. Lastly, Government should position itself in the following aspect, supplying public products and effective services, providing advanced production elements, creating regional innovative system, supporting agents, maintaining economic environment and direction. Local governments promote the development of IC in the following ways, which are to promote lateral and vertical collaboration, and to help set local industrial association or professional service department for small and medium enterprises. This thesis also discusses bio-pharmaceutical ICG considering the features of bio-pharmaceutical industry. The modern bio-pharmaceutical industry combine modern biotech with novel drug research and development, production, diagnostic method, preventive and therapeutic industry, which has features of high-tech, huge investment and return, and long term. The industrial form of agglomeration of massive biotech origin department such as universities and scientific research organization, biotech firms, pharmaceuticals and relative service firms, though synergic effect, shape into industrial cluster with strong and continuous competency. The scientific research organization, public R&D platform, financing, IP protection mechanism, brokers, associations and local government are being discussed as local network governance. The value chain governance is being analyzed from aspects of technology, finance, information and substance. A case study on TEDA’s bio-pharmaceutical ICG is discussed in this thesis. Beijing, Shanghai Zhangjiang Pharmaceutical Valley, Guangzhou Bio Island, Changsha Biotech Base, are major bio-pharmaceutical ICs in China. TEDA’s bio-pharmaceutical industry is the most developed in Tianjin. Beijing and Shanghai focus on high-end R&D, and Guangzhou and Changsha focus on enterprises cultivation and industrial scale enhancement. TEDA is facing significant opportunities in bio-pharmaceutical industry. There is big chance to fit into global bio-pharmaceutical value chain. An industrial upgrading path for TEDA’s bio-pharmaceutical industry is being raised in the thesis. Phase I, congregation of industrial resource. The task of this phase is to attract pharmaceutical firms and organization to expand industrial scale and influence. Phase II, fusion of industrial resource. The main task of this phase is to fuse, polarize and wash out enterprises, to support local innovative firms, to cultivate future growth point, to forge a platform for novel drug R&D and commercialization. Phase III, internationalization of industrial resource. To participate international division of Bio-pharmaceutical industry, to export products and technology, to deploy industry resource within larger territory, is necessary reflection of the upgrading of the region and is objective requirement for further continuous development of local bio-pharmaceutical industry. TEDA is now focusing on manufacturing of pharmaceuticals and weak on R&D. The innovation and R&D system have not been established yet. TEDA is still at the first phase. Key Words: Industrial cluster, Governance, Bio-pharmaceutical industry
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