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论文编号：	6795
作者编号：	2120123024
上传时间：	2014/12/6 14:15:30
中文题目：	中国石化销售华北公司油品损耗管理现状分析与优化设计
英文题目：	Sinopec North company oil loss management situation
指导老师：	李建标
中文关键字：	中国石化；成品油；损耗分析；治理措施
英文关键字：	Sinopec; Petroleum products; Loss analysis; Control measures
中文摘要：	随着市场经济和国内外贸易的深入发展，石油作为工业的血液已成为最重要的能源。经济的快速发展导致能源的日益紧缺，许多发达国家的石油石化企业为提高市场反应速率、体现竞争优势、降低物流成本，在油品损耗管理方面通过精细化管理，油品损耗得到很好的控制。然而，中国的石油销售企业受传统管理理念束缚和信息化建设水平落后等因素的影响，在油品损耗管理中普遍存在管理水平低、配送效率低、信息化水平低、库存成本高、油品损耗高等问题。近期，中国石化销售公司向民资开放，石油企业的竞争将更加激烈。回顾计划经济时期，国内成品油销售企业中，企业的盈亏均由国家承担，油品的损耗如果不出大问题便不受重视。在市场经济体制下，油品损耗即是经济损耗，油品损耗治理的问题才逐渐被重视起来。国外石油公司自从石油工业化后就处于市场经济的环境，以追求利益最大化为目的，管理方式、技术手段均比国内先进，尤其在计量管理及损耗治理方面，法律法规相对健全，贸易交接流程简洁高效，计量设备的自动化程度相对较高，不仅节省了大量人工成本，计量准确性提升损耗大幅减少，也减少了很多贸易交接纠纷，提升了企业运作效率。油品的销售长期以来处于石油行业市场竞争的前端，销量直接关系到石油企业效益，油品计量管理中的损耗治理已成为石油企业管理中的重要课题，减少油品损耗是石油企业的共同呼声。以美国为例，原油在从开采炼制加工到成品油销售的全过程中,石油损耗量约占总量的3.1%。而在我国，原油开采过程中损耗量约占采油总量的2.2%，原油炼制加工过程中损耗率为2.0%，成品油运输过程损耗率为0.5%，销售部门的经营损失率为0.8%，油品总体损耗率在4.5%以上。以中国石化销售华北公司为例，2012年销售油品损耗总量达14000余吨，按照平均市场销售价格8400元/吨计算，由于油品损耗造成的年度经济损失高达1.17亿元。近几年随着中国石化华北地区成品油输油管网的逐步扩大以及油库储备体系的逐步建立,油品损耗较大的矛盾始终未能得到有效缓解,而且成愈演愈烈之势，油品在进货、运输及销售环节的损耗治理，一直是困扰公司经营管理的主要问题之一。鉴于此，在参考了大量文献和理论知识基础上，本文分析了中国石化销售华北公司（下文简称华北公司）油品损耗管理的案例，从华北公司油品进货、运输、销售、存储环节的计量管理视角出发，运用态势分析法、对比分析法并引用相关数据，对华北公司油品损耗管理现状进行分析，对比国外石油公司治理损耗方式，找出中国石化销售华北公司在油品损耗治理方面存在的问题，运用管理学相关理论提出优化设计方案。本文首先在第一章引言中介绍论文研究背景、意义及研究方法，在第二章对损耗治理中所需的分析方法和优化设计的相关理论基础进行阐述，在分析华北公司油品损耗的定义和标准基础上,引出华北公司油品严重超损的问题。其次,在第三章中通过运用态势分析法对华北公司油品损耗管理现状进行分析，研究油品损耗的成因，找出导致油品损耗问题产生的管理和技术上的问题,尤其对成品油管道油品损耗严重的原因做了研究,从理论上提出减少油品损耗的途径。同时通过对比研究法比较外资石油公司的先进管理成果和经验，找出华北公司在油品损耗治理上的不足之处。最后，在第四章中，根据分析得出的油品损耗原因，将治理方案分为内部治理和外部治理两部分。运用优化管理及业务重组流程等相关优化理论，针对不同原因产生的油品损耗提出有针对性的处理方法和改进措施,探索更加科学和切实可行的油品损耗管理方法和制度,并系统提出华北公司油品损耗管理改进方案的实施与保障。由于成品油长输管道是较新的油品输送业态，国内相关研究还没有从成品油长输管道整体系统角度突出研究油品损耗的治理问题，国内油品销售企业对油品损耗管理措施还不够健全,在制度设计和管理环节上存在缺失。本文创新地突出成品油长输管道油品损耗治理对同类型油品销售企业总体损耗控制及计量管理的重要作用，并作为中国石化销售华北公司油品损耗管理改进方案的重要内容。研究的内容具有可操作性，相关措施也在实践工作中验证并产生一定的经济效益，对于环境污染控制及企业降本增效具有现实意义。通过中国石化销售华北公司油品损耗管理的优化设计，对增强中国石化销售华北公司油品计量管理工作，降低油品损耗，提高经济效益及整体工作效率有一定的作用，也可为同类油品销售企业加强基础管理工作提供参考。
英文摘要：	With the market economy and the further development of domestic and foreign trade, oil as the blood of industry has become the most important source of energy. The rapid development of economy result in the increasingly scarce energy, many developed countries of the petroleum and petrochemical enterprises to improve the reaction rate, embodies the competitive advantage, to reduce the logistics cost, in product oil metering management basically adopts the advanced information technology. However, China's oil sales enterprises be restricted by the traditional management idea and informatization level lag, the influence of such factors as product oil metering management of common management level is low, low, low efficiency of distribution, the informationization level, high inventory costs, high oil consumption. Recently, China petrochemical sales company open to what, oil companies will be more competitive. Review of the planned economy period, the domestic refined oil sales enterprise, the enterprise's profit and loss shall be borne by the state, the wastage of the products if problem will not be taken into account. Under the market economy system, oil consumption is the economic loss, loss of governance problems gradually be seriously rise. Foreign oil companies since the industrialization of oil is in the environment of market economy, to pursue benefit maximization as the goal, management style, advanced technology than domestic, especially in the metrology management governance and loss and relatively perfect laws and regulations, trade transfer process is concise and efficient, relatively high degree of automation of measuring equipment, not only saves a lot of artificial cost, measurement accuracy increase drastically reduce loss and also reduce a lot of trade transfer disputes, improve the efficiency of enterprise operation. Product sales in the oil industry for a long time the front end of the market competition, benefit of petroleum enterprise is directly related to sales, thus the problem of oil consumption is becoming more and more brought to the attention of the oil companies. Loss of oil metering management governance has become an important topic in the study of petroleum enterprise management, is the common voice of petroleum enterprise to reduce oil consumption. In America, for example, the crude oil in the process of refining production process to the refined oil, the oil wastage accounted for about 3.1% of the total. In our country, in the process of oil exploration wastage accounted for about 2.2% of the total oil production, oil refining processing attrition rate was 2.0%, in the process of product oil transportation attrition rate was 0.5%, the management of Marketing Department loss rate was 0.8%, the product overall attrition rate above 4.5%. China petrochemical sales company of north China sales in 2012 totaled more than 14000 tons of oil loss and calculated according to the average market price 8400 yuan/ton, caused by loss of oil product annual economic losses as high as 117 million yuan. As Sinopec product oil pipeline network in north China in recent years, gradually expand the oil reserve system gradually established, the contradiction between oil loss is bigger always failed to get effective relief, and a growing trend, the wastage of the product in stock, transport and sales link management, has been one of the main problem in the company management. In view of this, the reference and theoretical knowledge on the basis of a large number of literature, this paper analyzes the China petrochemical sales company (hereinafter referred to as "north China company) of north China oil loss management cases, from north China company product purchase, transportation, distribution, storage, metrology management perspective, using the situational analysis, comparative analysis and reference the related data, analyzing the present situation and problems of management of company of north China oil loss, compared to foreign oil loss of corporate governance mode, find out the Chinese petrochemical sales in north China company governance problems in oil loss and using the related theories of management optimization design scheme is put forward. In the first chapter introduction the thesis research background, significance and research methods, in the second chapter in the governance of loss analysis method and optimization design for the relevant theoretical basis, based on the analysis of the definition and standard of company of north China oil loss, which leads to the north China oil company serious loss problem. Second, in the third chapter, through the use of situational analysis of huabei oil loss management present situation analysis, study the cause of the loss of oil product, find out problems that cause loss of oil product management and technical problem, especially the cause of the loss of pipeline oil serious to do the research, from the theory put forward by means of reducing oil consumption. At the same time, by comparing the method compare foreign oil companies advanced management achievements and experience, find out the company of north China on the control of oil loss of shortcomings. Finally, in chapter 4, according to the analysis of oil loss reasons, treatment plan can be divided into two parts of the internal governance and external governance. Using the optimized management and business restructuring process related optimization theory, according to different causes of loss of oil product targeted treatment method and improvement measures are put forward, to explore a more scientific and practical oil loss management method and system, and put forward company of north China oil loss management system and guarantee the implementation of the improved scheme. Because domestic related research has not been from the perspective of the overall system refined oil transmission pipeline outstanding research oil loss governance issues, domestic oil sales enterprise management measures of oil loss is not sound enough, exists in the system design and management of the link is missing. This article innovation outstanding oil refined oil transmission pipeline loss management of the same type oil sales enterprise overall loss control and the important role of measurement management, and as China petrochemical sales company of north China oil loss is an important content of management improvement program. Study the contents of the operable, relevant measures also verify in the practical work and produce certain economic benefits. By Sinopec sales company of north China oil loss management optimization design, to enhance China's petrochemical sales company of north China oil metering management work, reduce the loss of oil products, improve the economic efficiency and the overall work efficiency have certain effect, can also be used for the same kind of oil sales enterprises to strengthen the basic management work to provide the reference.
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