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论文编号：	6564
作者编号：	2220130002
上传时间：	2014/6/18 18:37:58
中文题目：	北京地铁改造施工项目管理研究——以北京地铁1号线改造工程为例
英文题目：	Research on Project Management of Beijing Subway ——In Beijing Subway Line 1 Case
指导老师：	张永强
中文关键字：	北京地铁；项目管理；项目施工
英文关键字：	Beijing Subway; Project Management; Project Construction
中文摘要：	近年来，北京地铁轨道进入快速发展期，预计到2015年北京地铁总的运营线路长度将达到561.5km，有望超过美国纽约成为世界上拥有地铁线路最长的城市。地铁轨道的快速发展决定了地铁规范化管理的难度也会越来越大，同时也对地铁轨道的接收和运营管理工作提出了更高的要求。因此，有必要对部分地铁线路进行改造，建立一套完整的改造施工项目管理体系，通过合理规划和有效控制，成功实现改造施工目标，是当前迫切需要研究解决的课题。　　　1号线改造施工项目是指运营单位为1号线改造运营所做的所有相关工作，其主要包括组建运营筹备组织体系、前期规划设计配合、施工配合、人员招聘、培训、组织机构确定、运营管理模式确定、规章制度编制、系统试验、综合调试等工作。项目是由项目团队完成的，成功项目的决定因素在于人。科学合理的考核制度是 科学管理的客观需要，也是建立激励机制的基础。因此，首先应该全面、客观、公正地评价每一位项目团队成员。在考核结果的基础上，对项目成员进行相应的激励，从原来的注重岗位薪酬转变 为注重绩效薪酬。绩效薪酬包括奖金、津贴及其他鼓励性薪酬，让员工意识到只要努力工作、创造优秀绩效，就可以得到高薪收入，从而激发项目成员工作的积极性。　　　建设一支高效的团队是项目团队建设的目标，一个高效的项目团队有利于激励成员的动机、有利于提高生产率、促进成员对项目目标的承诺、增进组织沟通以及增加组织的灵活性。四级协调机制：基层协调机制、专业协调机制、项目办公室协调机制、政府协调机制。项目沟通制度：（一）会议制度1．项目办公室全体会议，2．项目办公室专题会议，3．项目办公室例会，4．技术专题会议，5．现场协调会议；（二）报告制度。　　　北京地铁1号线改造施工项目建设在组织制度上采用的是项目经理责任制，按照公司法的一般规定建立项目组织机构。同时，为了保障项目经理负责制的顺利实施，项目中标公司还依据职能制建立了适应项目组织运行的职能部门，包括土建施工部、安质环保部、机电施工部、计划合同部、财务部和综合部。这六个职能部门相互协作，相互补充，共同完成1号线改造施工建设的组织管理工作。　　　北京地铁1号线改造施工项目建设在组织制度上采用的是项目经理责任制。项目经理在1号线改造项目中的工作：以建设好1号线改造为中心；坚持发挥监理、政府的优势，共同承担建设好1号线改造施工的责任；保证决策的正确性，使施工顺利进行。　　　项目中标公司依据公司管理规章制度以及项目经理负责制，为了保障项目法人制的顺利实施，北京地铁建筑安装有限公司在组织机构上进行精心设计，设置了土建施工部、安质环保部、机电施工部、计划合同部、综合部、财务部六个职能部门，开展1号线改造施工建设管理工作。　　　改造施工项目施工过程管理主要是项目开工后，对项目施工进行有效的控制，以满足业主及企业对改造施工项目的要求，其内容主要包括对改造施工项目施工过程中的安全、质量、成本和工期进度的系统控制。1号线改造施工项目财务管理：建立健全内部财务管理制度，完善内部经济责任制；规范财务管理，提高管理效率；加强资金管理，有效提高资金利用率；严格控制非生产支出，向管理要效益。项目的运行机制由过程制约机制、成本控制机制、风险控制、监督约束机制四个方面组成，相辅相成，缺一不可，并以项目投资建设合同为核心。项目合同当事人之间的关系是：委托方通过公开招标，选择专业化的项目投资建设管理单位，中标人根据投资建设合同的约定成立项目公司，项目公司选择专业的分包单位，在建设过程中严格控制项目投资、质量和工期，同时以代业主的身份与设计单位和监理单位进行协调沟通，建成后移交给委托方。过程制约机制，通过履行各自职权，完成各自职责的过程。控制施工成本的措施有三类：在投标阶段进行合同管理，控制施工成本；在施工中标后的施工阶段进行合同管理，控制施工成本；在施工结算阶段进行合同管理，控制施工成本。监督约束机制可以分为内部监督约束机制和外部监督约束机制两部分。内部监督约束机制主要包括投资控制管理和支付管理。外部监督约束机制主要包括项目设计控制管理、分包管理、监理机构、合同争议解决方法四部分。风险控制机制包括担保机制、合同责任期的规定以及项目验收保修。担保机制是指中标人向委托方提供不可撤销的连带责任担保书，对项目公司按投资建设合同规定所应履行的义务以及由此引起的责任承担连带责任。关于合同责任期，双方作出如下规定：在合同责任期内的任何时间，如果甲方认为施工存在未达到建设合同中相关文件验收标准的任何缺陷，甲方可向乙方发出列明乙方应补救的缺陷或损坏的书面通知，乙方应在收到甲方的通知后，立即自费组织进行一切必要的维修施工以尽快纠正缺陷或损害并赔偿甲方因此而发生的一切损失。在施工的最后竣工验收前，必须通过各种专项验收，包括人防施工验收、电梯施工验收、消防施工验收、卫生防疫验收、市政施工验收、规划条件验收等。验收管理工作的重点在于验收标准的掌握和验收进度的协调安排。
英文摘要：	In recent years, the Beijing subway has stepped into a quick development period and the length of it will be 561.5 kilometers in 2015. From then on, the Beijing subway will be the longest and also surpass the length of New York. With the rapid development of Beijing subway, the subway’s standardized management will become even complicated. At the same time, the reception of the newly built subway and operational management also need to be improved. It’s a imperative and urgent subject to build a management system in order to successfully accept the newly subway, using proper planning and effective controls. 　　　Line 1 construction project is the transformation of the operating units of the 1st line transformation operators do all the work, which includes the formation of the preparatory organization operating system, with preliminary planning and design, construction, fit, staff recruitment, training, organization identified, operators management model to determine, regulatory preparation, hot and cold slip test, integrated debugging work. The project is completed by the project team, the determinants of the success of the project lies in people. Scientific and reasonable evaluation system is an objective need for scientific management, but also to establish the basis of incentives. So, should first comprehensive, objective and impartial evaluation of every project team member. On the basis of the assessment results, the project members appropriate incentives, the transition from the original focus on job performance pay salary to pay attention. Performance pay, including bonuses, allowances and other incentive compensation for employees realize if they work hard to create excellent performance, you can get high incomes, and thus stimulate the enthusiasm of project members work. 　　Construction of a highly efficient team is the goal of the project team building, an efficient project team members in favor of incentive motivation, will help improve productivity, facilitate member commitment to the project objectives, enhance organizational communication and increased organizational flexibility. Four coordination mechanisms: the grassroots level coordination mechanism, professional coordination, project coordination office, government coordination mechanisms. Project communication system: (a) meeting system 1. Project Office plenary session, 2. Project Office thematic sessions, 3. Project Office meeting, 4. Technical conferences, 5. On-site coordination meetings; (b) reporting system. 　　Beijing Subway Line 1 construction project in the transformation of the system is used in the organization legal person responsibility system, the establishment of the organization in accordance with the general provisions of the Company Act. Meanwhile, in order to ensure the smooth implementation of the project legal system, the project has also established a system based on functional departments to adapt the organization to run the project, including the civil construction department, Ann qualitative MEP, mechanical and electrical construction department, plan contract, the Finance Ministry and the General Department . These six departments collaborate, complement each other, work together to accomplish organizational transformation Line 1 construction of the building. 　　Beijing Subway Line 1 construction project in the transformation of the system is used in the organization legal person responsibility system. Project legal work in the 1st line reconstruction project: to build on the 1st line transformation centered; insistently supervision, the government's advantage, shared responsibility and building renovation construction of Line 1; ensure the correctness of the decision-making, so that the construction smoothly. 　　Project Company pursuant to the Act to establish the shareholders, board of directors and board of supervisors, in accordance with decisions of the investment units of each investment unit share in the shareholders' meeting, board of directors and the supervisory board places the company in the ratio of investment projects; while legal system in order to protect the smooth implementation of the project, Beijing CRECG investment Management Limited in the organization be carefully designed set of six departments of civil construction department, Ann qualitative MEP, mechanical and electrical construction department, planning contracts, the Composite Department, Finance Department, to carry out the transformation of the construction line 1 construction management. 　　　Construction project management of the construction process transformation mainly after the project started , the construction of the project for effective control , in order to meet business owners and the transformation of the construction project requirements , which mainly includes the construction process of the transformation of the construction project safety, quality , cost and schedule progress system control . Line 1 construction project financial management reform : establishment of a sound system of internal financial management , improve the internal economic responsibility ; regulate financial management , improve management efficiency ; strengthen financial management , improve capital utilization ; strict control of non-productive expenditure , to be effective management . Operating mechanism of the project by the process control mechanism , cost control mechanisms , risk control, supervision and restraint mechanisms composed of four complementary and indispensable , and the core of the project investment and construction contracts . The relationship between the project parties to the contract are : Principal through an open tender to select a professional investment and construction project management unit , the successful establishment of the project company who agreed to invest in accordance with the contract, the project company to choose a professional subcontractors in the construction process strict control of project investment, quality and duration , while identity and design units and supervision units to coordinate communication on behalf of the owners , after the completion of the transfer to the Principal. Process control mechanism, is the process of tripartite contracts (projects commissioned by side , the Commonwealth , the project company ) through the implementation of their respective mandates , to complete their duties . Measures to control construction costs of three categories: contract management performed at the tender stage , control construction costs ; perform contract administration during the construction phase of the construction bid after controlling construction costs ; perform contract administration during the construction phase of the settlement , control construction costs. Supervision and restraint mechanisms can be divided into internal and external supervision and restraint mechanisms supervision and restraint mechanisms in two parts. Internal supervision and restraint mechanisms include investment management and payment management . External supervision and restraint mechanisms include project design control and management, subcontract management , supervision agencies, contract dispute resolution methods in four parts. Risk control mechanisms including guarantees a mechanism for the contractual obligations of the project acceptance and warranty . Guarantee mechanism is the winning bidder to provide irrevocable joint and several liability guarantee to the principal, the obligations of the project company to invest in accordance with the provisions of the contract and the responsibility should fulfill the resulting jointly and severally liable . About contractual obligations of both parties made ??the following provisions: At any time during the period of contractual obligations , if the Party does not believe there are any defects in the construction contract documents reach the acceptance criteria of construction , Party B shall be issued setting out to remedy Party written notice of the defect or damage , Party B shall notify Party after receipt of all tissue loss expense immediately all necessary repairs to correct construction defects or damage as soon as possible and compensate Party therefrom . Before the final completion and acceptance of construction, must pass a variety of special inspection , including air defense construction inspection , elevator construction inspection , fire construction inspection , health and epidemic prevention inspection , municipal construction inspection , planning conditions and acceptance . Management is focused on acceptance coordination arrangements mastery acceptance criteria and acceptance of progress.
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