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论文编号：	6285
作者编号：	2120122516
上传时间：	2014/6/6 22:43:16
中文题目：	基于系统动力学的软件项目需求变更影响研究
英文题目：	The Research on the Impact of Requirement Change in Software Project based on System Dynamics
指导老师：	程莉莉
中文关键字：	需求变更；系统动力学；软件项目；项目管理
英文关键字：	Requirement Change；System Dynamics；Software Project；Project Management
中文摘要：	随着科技的发展，现今世界对软件的需求不断增加，为满足对软件功能的要求，软件项目的复杂性也在不断提高。复杂软件系统在涉及国家发展的各个领域得到了快速地发展，这也更使得软件产品成为人们生活中必不可少的重要组成部分，软件项目的开发过程受到越来越大的关注。软件产品的需求分析具有易变的特性，软件需求各种的不同的变更方式使得软件开发在工程、经济管理上面临许多问题，并被公认为软件开发项目的重要影响因素。在开发中型规模以上的软件项目中，项目前阶段新产生的需求和未发现的错误经常会传递影响到后阶段的实施，后阶段发现前阶段有新需求和有错误时需要前阶段返工，这种相互之间的影响往往是传递性的、非线性的、有时间延迟的、交叉发生的，这在传统的甘特图、关键路径法中难以表达，也就难以进行良好的讨论和处理。因此使用系统动力学的方法对软件项目的需求变更现象进行影响研究能够克服传统项目管理研究中的不足。本文首先回顾了软件项目需求变更理论与系统动力学理论，同时综述了系统动力学在软件项目领域和软件项目需求变更领域的研究现状；其次分析了在软件项目中需求变更的影响，建立了软件项目需求变更的系统动力学模型，其中包括基本子系统、人力资源子系统、项目工期与进度压力子系统和项目成本子系统；再次对软件项目开发模型进行仿真分析，分析了在初始模型、进度压力模型下需求变更对软件项目的影响，也研究了需求变更频率和人员变动对软件项目的影响；此外，根据需求变更影响程度构建了软件项目的改进模型，进行模型仿真，分析了控制变更范围和变更新增人员时刻以及综合方法对软件项目的影响程度。最后，对全文进行总结，并提出了本文的创新点，同时指出了本文存在的不足以及未来研究发展的方向。
英文摘要：	With the growing scale of software products, the complexity of software projects is also rising. Complex software systems in all fields of national development has been rapid development, which also makes software products become more essential to be an important part for life. The dependence of software products increased on the one hand to facilitate people's lives, it also makes the process of software development projects under increasing attention. Therefore, the impact of software project performance problems in the software development process also caused widespread concern. Software Requirements with volatility, changing demand makes the software development process is facing many problems in technical, economic and management, an important factor for software development projects and is recognized. In more than medium-scale software projects, the demand for new projects arising from the previous stage and errors often undiscovered after passing influence on the implementation stage, the stage of pre-discovery stage when there are new demands and needs of the previous stage rework errors, which mutual influence between species is often transitive, nonlinear, time delay, crossover occurs, which is difficult to express in traditional Gantt chart, critical path method, it is difficult to be a good discussion and handling. Therefore, the use of system dynamics approach needs to change software project impact study phenomena can overcome traditional project management research deficiencies. Firstly, the thesis overviews the theory of the demand for software project change and system dynamics, and reviews the system dynamics research in the field of software projects and software project requirement change research; then analyzes the impact of requirement changes to the software projects, and establishes a software project system dynamics model with requirement change, including the basic subsystem, the subsystem of human resources, project duration and project schedule pressure subsystem, project cost subsystem; once again analyzes the software project development model, which includes the initial model, the pressure in progress under the model changes affect the demand for software projects, but also to study the impact of requirements changes and personnel changes frequency of the software project; in addition, according to the change impact to set up an improved software project model, and does the model simulation, analysis and control changes to the scope, change additional personnel time and integrated approach to the impact of software projects. Finally, the research process is summarized innovation and research, and points out the limitations of existing and future research directions.
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