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论文编号：	6181
作者编号：	2120112784
上传时间：	2014/6/5 12:00:59
中文题目：	建筑信息模型（BIM）深化应用 带来的新商业模式及其应用研究
英文题目：	Building information model (BIM) deepen the application of new business models and its application research
指导老师：	徐海林
中文关键字：	大数据,建筑信息模型,施工现场,人力成本
英文关键字：	Bigdata Building information, modeling ,Joblocation Manpower cost
中文摘要：	进入二十一世纪，互联网在没有框架规划的情况下，飞速发展。移动互联、电子商务和社区平台进入了每个人的生活。由此，我们进入了大数据时代。人们在生活中，无论打电话，发邮件，还是处理公务，或是网上购物、支付等等行为，还有工业中的各种数据传输，地球上各种传感器的引用。都在或联网中留下了印记，我们称之为前兆性数据，把大量的前兆性数据集合起来，应用大型服务器进行分析，就能预判物理世界和人类的行为，这就是大数据时代的特征。正如08年的阿里巴巴，马云通天询盘量这一前兆性数据的变化，而不是成交量的变化，成功的提前半年预测了经济的变化，使成千上万的小商家提前做好的准备。云计算是2007年第三季度出现的一个名词，效用计算（Utility Computing）、是虚拟化（Virtualization）、将基础设施作为服务IaaS（ Infrastructureasa Service）、和将平台作为服务PaaS（Platformasa Service）等概念混合演进并跃升的结果。云支撑平台的服务包括云图形服务、云实时库服务、云历史库服务、云数据库服务、云数据库服务。云服务的优势：用相对便宜的服务器组合代替昂贵的服务器；通过节点的扩展提高处理能力；挖掘冗余硬件的潜能，降低成本提高效率；可以逐步扩展，不用一次性投资；历史数据可以永久保存；读写数据不受数据量的影响；数据可以冗余备份；多节点故障不受影响；实时监控系统的运行状况，具备强大的任务分析、分解能力。中国住宅房地产投资占中国国内生产总值（GDP）的比值从1978年的3.8%到1995年的5%左右，到2010年的值为12%，房地产业在中国经济中扮演着非常重要的角色。然而，经过几十年的市场化运作，我国房地产业大部分依然处于粗放式经营阶段。在各项成本中，诸如前期费用中的临建费、临建水电费，人力成本相关的各项成本等等，都是预算是预算，支出是支出，到底是多少得完工再算。但随着房地产业的逐步调控及市场化的推进，精细化管理是现在所有房企的一条必经之路。 BIM（Building Information Modeling）直接翻译为建筑信息模型，意译为多维工程信息模型。整个模型具有对项目一致性，协调性和可计算性以外，还包括对整个项目的前期造价、物料及其使用、工法、人力成本及统筹运用。使整个项目从构思、设计、建造、运营都实现了三维模拟可视。 BIM技术在过去十年的应用，已经证明其是未来建筑业及房地产业产业升级的核心技术。美国国家BIM标准资料显示，以无效工作（浪费）为标准，制造业是26%，而建筑业高达57%。BIM技术的应用贯穿建筑项目生命周期的每个阶段：构思、策划、设计、招标、施工、运营、维护、升级，其实现了项目生命周期的信息化、可视化、预判化的管理。进入大数据及BIM时代，建筑业的成本和管理会更精确，进度的控制会更直观，可持续建筑分析会更准确，物业管理会更有效。其建筑成本的节约会有一个很大的空间。在建筑业，人力成本战略很大的比重，本文在后面会有想尽的论述。现在，一方面随着生活水平的不断提高，另一方面最新的施工技术已经普遍应用在建筑行业，所以要想降低人力成本，并不能简单的通过降低人员工作或者应用新技术来解决。我们以大数据位基础，通过BIM技术，使人力资源在施工现场更有效的调配，使施工中的工作量更精确的体现出来。通过精确地视频，数据等信息来精确计算施工中的有效工作量来提高劳动效率，从而降低工程施工现场的人力成本。
英文摘要：	The 21st century, the Internet without a framework for planning and rapid development. Mobile Internet, e-commerce and community platform into everyone's life. Thus, we have entered the era of big data. People in life, no matter on the phone, email, or handle official business, or online shopping, payment, etc., and a variety of data transmission in industrial, earth reference of various kinds of sensors. Have left a mark in or connected to the Internet, we call it the precursory data, the precursor to a large number of data collection, large server application were analyzed, and can predict the physical world and the human behavior, which is characteristic of the era of big data. As 08 alibaba, ma tongtian inquiries the precursory data changes, rather than the change of volume, and the success of the half a year in advance to predict changes in the economy, make tens of thousands of small businesses into the best preparation in advance. Cloud Computing is a term appears in the third quarter of 2007, Utility Computing, Utility Computing), is Virtualization (Virtualization), will the IaaS infrastructure as a Service (Infrastructureasa Service), and platform as a Service PaaS (Platformasa Service) concepts such as hybrid evolution and jump in the results. Cloud support platform services including cloud graphics services, cloud real-time library services, library services, cloud cloud history database services, cloud database service. The advantage of the cloud service: use the relatively cheap server combination instead of the expensive servers; Through the node extension for improvement of the processing capacity. Excavate the potential of the redundant hardware and reduce the cost to improve efficiency; Can gradually expand, need not one-time investment; Historical data can be permanent; Read and write data is not affected by the amount of data; Data can be redundant backup; Multiple node failure is not affected; Running state of real-time monitoring and control system, have powerful task analysis, decomposition. China's residential real estate investment of China's gross domestic product (GDP) ratio from 3.8% in 1978 to 5% in 1995, has a value of 12% by 2010, the real estate industry plays a very important role in China's economy. However, after decades of market-oriented operation, most of the real estate industry is still in the stage of vulgar management in our country. In costs, such as the utilities upfront costs of overlay, overlay, labor related costs, etc., is a budget is a budget, spending is spending, how much have to be completed. However, as the real estate industry regulation step by step and the marketability advancement, the elaborating management is now all enterprise, a rite of passage. BIM (Building Information Modeling) direct translation for the Building Information model, free translation as the multidimensional model of engineering Information. The entire model has the consistency of the project, coordination and computability, also includes the upfront cost of the project, materials and its use, method, human cost and plan as a whole. The whole project from conception, design, construction and operation are three dimension visual simulation is realized. BIM technology applied in the past decade, has proven itself is the core of the future construction and real estate industry upgrading technology. , according to the national BIM standard on the basis of ineffective work (waste). Manufacturing is 26%, while construction is as high as 57%. The application of BIM technology throughout every stage of the construction project life cycle: design, planning, design, bidding, construction, operation, maintenance, upgrade, its implementation of the project life cycle management informationization, visualization, anticipation. Into the era of big data and bmi, the cost of construction and the management will be more precise, the progress control will be more intuitive, sustainable architecture analysis more accurate, property management will be more effective. Its construction cost savings will have a very large space. In the construction industry, the proportion of large human cost strategy, this paper will have a try in the behind of. Now, on the one hand, with the continuous improvement of living standards, on the other hand the latest construction technology has been widely used in the construction industry, so want to reduce the manpower cost, not simply by reducing staff or application of new technology to solve. Our big data as a foundation, through the BIM technology, make the human resources in the construction site more effectively allocate, make effort to in the construction of more accurate. Through a precise video, data and other information to the precise construction of effective work to improve labor efficiency, reducing the labor cost of engineering construction site.
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