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论文编号：	617
作者编号：	2120061946
上传时间：	2008/6/20 1:03:47
中文题目：	缺货补偿机制下库存容量有限的订
英文题目：	Study of Ordering Inventory un
指导老师：	方磊
中文关键字：	缺货;补偿;库存容量有限;订货
英文关键字：	Stockout;Compensation;Limited
中文摘要：	企业追求低库存水平，使得缺货成为了一种普遍存在和不可避免的现象。一方面，缺货很可能给企业带来诸多如销售额下降、顾客流失、声誉受损等负面影响；另一方面，一定量的缺货在某种程度上可以降低企业的某些成本，从而给企业带来一定的益处。缺货补偿机制为这种处于两难境地的企业提供了比较好的解决思路，即在发生缺货时，给予可以忍受等待的顾客一定的补偿，使其延迟订单而不是取消订单。该机制既可以帮助企业挽留部分因缺货而流失的顾客从而减少库存成本，又可以帮助顾客减少因等待缺货所带来的损失，既可以避免供应链的解体，又可以促进顾客与供应商之间建立信任机制，从而达到双赢的目的。本文正是基于此背景对缺货补偿机制下的库存策略展开的研究。 本文综合了库存容量有限条件下的允许缺货的库存问题和缺货补偿问题，研究了缺货补偿机制下库存容量有限的订货库存问题，并以库存容量有限的经销商和零售商为研究对象，针对缺货期间与有货期间需求率相同和不同（即前者较后者有所降低）两种情况，建立了缺货补偿机制下库存容量有限的两个订货批量库存模型。两个模型均考虑了与库存相关的订货成本、库存持有成本、缺货成本和补偿成本，并以一个订货周期内的平均库存成本最小化为目标，通过二元函数求极值的方法求解出了问题的解析解。在此基础上，本文运用数值算例、仿真等方法具体分析了相关参数对最优决策和结果的影响，从中得出了管理上的相关启示。本文还对比分析了两种情况下的最优决策及结果，得出的结论是：当缺货期间市场对产品的需求率有所降低时，企业应适当地减少每次的订货量和延长相应的订货周期。 本文所研究的缺货补偿机制下库存容量有限的订货库存问题，对那些库存容量受限的中小型经销商和零售商进行订货及安排库存具有一定的借鉴意义。此外，本研究还可以促进国内企业提高对于商品缺货现象的关注，并为供应链的全面优化提供有价值的依据。
英文摘要：	Because of persuing the low level of inventory, stockout has become a common and irriversable phenomenon. On the one hand, it may bring some negative effects, such as decreasing the sales, losing the customers and so on. On the other hand, it can bring down some costs of companies in some extent. Caught in a dilemma, some companies bring out the compensation mechanism for stockout, that is, offering some compensation for the customers who can wait longer instead of canceling the orders. In this way, companies can cut the inventory cost while retaining some customers, and at the same time, help the customers reduce the cost of longe-time waiting. That is to say, this mechanism can avoid the decomposing of the supply chain and facilitate the establishing of trust between the suppliers and the customers, so as to achieve a win-win objective. This thesis is focused on the inventory policy according to the compensation mechanism. This thesis has integrated the question of inventory allowed stockouts under the condition of limited stock capacity and stockout compensation. In this thesis, the medium suppliers and retailers with limited stock capacity are studied, and for the two kinds of cases when the rate of demand is the same or different when there’re and there’re not stockouts (that is, the former is less than the latter), two kinds of ordering inventory models with limited stock capacity due to the compensation mechanism have been established. These models take into account the costs associated with inventory, including ordering cost, holding cost, shortage cost and compensation cost, and they set the minimum average inventory cost of an ordering cycle as the purpose to get the result. On the basis of this, using various methods such as numerical example and simulation, this thesis performs specific analysis for the parameters, and gets some relevant inspirations of management from it. The ordering policy under the stockout compensation mechanism can offer some valuable prospects to the small and medium suppliers and retails with limited stock capacity when they place their orders and arrange their inventory. Besides, this research can accelerate the attention on the stockout and offer something valuable for the overall supply chains optimization.
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