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论文编号：	5575
作者编号：	1120080717
上传时间：	2013/6/14 20:11:36
中文题目：	基于创业过程视角的创业者决策行为研究
英文题目：	The Study on Entrepreneurial Decision-Making Based on the Perspective of Entrepreneurial Process
指导老师：	张玉利
中文关键字：	创业机会；创业者；创业过程；创业决策；博弈模型
英文关键字：	Entrepreneurial Opportunity; Entrepreneurship; Entrepreneurial Process; Entrepreneurial Decision; Game Model
中文摘要：	创业对社会经济发展的推动作用日益凸显，创业者的决策成为创业研究的前沿问题。回顾过去研究，本文研究了创业者在创业过程中的四项决策问题，分别是：创业进入决策、创业方式的选择、创业者付出努力程度的选择和资源获取策略的选择。从创业过程动态演化的视角，这四项决策前后相承、存在紧密的逻辑联系：首先，创业者需要决定是否进行创业；其次，做出进行创业的决定后，创业者需要选择以何种方式进行创业；再次，在创建新企业的过程中，创业者选择特定的策略获得创业资源和决定付出多大程度的自身努力。采用微观经济分析的方法，本研究的主要发现和结论有如下几点： 第一，研究了意愿创业者的创业进入决策。给定意愿创业者持有新机会的前提下，文章通过构建既有企业和风险投资者争夺意愿创业者的博弈模型，不仅揭示了风险投资者争夺是影响意愿创业者创业进入的重要因素；而且给出了在什么条件下，风险投资者争夺影响意愿创业者创业进入。本研究从而对于现实中可以观察到的员工离职创业现象提供了一个新的理论解释。 第二，研究了创业者面临的创业方式选择的决策。持有机会的创业者决定创业时，选择只身单干还是通过组建创业团队开发机会，是其需要做出的一项重要决策。通过构建博弈分析模型，研究发现，创业机会的风险特征影响创业者采用何种方式进行创业。创业机会的风险性越高，创业者越可能采用团队方式进行创业；创业机会的风险性越低，则创业者越可能采用个体方式进行创业。本研究从创业机会的风险性视角揭示了创业者的创业方式选择决策，从而对于现实中可以观察到的“一些创业者选择以个体方式创业，而另一些创业者选择以团队方式创业”的现象提供了一个可能的理论解释。 第三，以新企业的创建过程为背景，首先在个体方式创业的环境下，构建了风险投资者的投资模式与创业者努力程度选择的内在逻辑联系。研究发现，当信号对于新企业现金流的揭示程度较高或新企业的现金流收益较稳定时，较之单次投资模式，阶段投资模式更能够激励创业者努力的程度。进而，通过扩展模型至团队创业情境下，验证了投资模式与创业者努力程度选择的内在逻辑联系的稳健性。第四，通过构建博弈模型，刻画了创业者的两种不同资源获取行为策略：事前揭示机会和事后揭示机会，分析了影响创业者选择何类资源获取行为策略的因素。研究表明，投资者认为创业者的过度自信程度越高，创业者越可能采取事前揭示机会信息的资源获取行为策略。基于这一理论分析，研究解释了“创业者在获取资源时，选择事前向投资者揭示机会信息”的现象。对上述创业者的决策问题研究，论文的理论创新主要有三点：其一，关于创业者的决策问题，既有研究主要关注了创业者在决策过程中的思维方式和采取的决策原则，忽视了对创业者具体决策类型的考察，以及做出某一决策时，影响创业者做出特定选择的因素。本研究不仅刻画了创业者的决策问题类型，而且分析了创业者做出某一项决策时，影响其选择特定的行为（方案）的因素。其二，在研究创业问题时，当前研究的主要特点是，复制既有理论的理论框架、理论逻辑和相关结论。本文基于严格理论假设之上，通过缜密的逻辑推导所构建的理论分析及所得出的相关结论丰富了创业领域内的理论研究。其三，目前创业领域内，运用博弈论研究创业问题的文献，为数甚少。本文引用博弈论分析创业问题，丰富了创业研究的手段。 本研究也具有一定的实践意义。研究为创业者选择适当方式开展创业活动提供了有益指导，为创业者确定采取何种资源获取行为策略提供了借鉴。此外，研究的政策含义是，应当加快风险资本市场的建设，为全社会创业活跃程度的提高创造良好的外部条件。关于投资模式与创业者努力关系的研究，也为投资者采取何种创业投资模式，提供了理论指导。 本文结构安排：第一章，绪论。本章依据特定的研究背景，提出了本文的逻辑线索和核心问题，交待了研究问题、研究内容、研究意义、研究方法等，并从总体上介绍了整个研究的框架体系。第二章，文献回顾与评述。本章对与研究问题或研究方法相接近的文献做一些梳理。第三章，研究了意愿创业者的创业进入决策。第四章，分析了影响创业者的创业方式选择的因素。第五章，研究了风险投资者的投资模式与创业者的努力程度选择的关系。第六章，刻画了创业者的两种不同资源获取行为策略：事前揭示机会和事后揭示机会，分析了影响创业者选择特定资源获取行为策略的因素。第七章，结论与展望。归纳、总结论文的研究结论，提炼论文的主要理论创新点，指出研究对创业实践的指导意义，同时指出本研究存在的不足和有待进一步改进的地方。
英文摘要：	The function of entrepreneurship plays a more and more important role in driving economic development, so it receives many attentions in the scholarship field. Based on previous study, this paper studs four entrepreneurial decisions that are must made in the entrepreneurial process. These entrepreneurial decisions are entry decision，the choice on Entrepreneurial model, the choice on resource acquisition strategy, entrepreneurial choice on effort devotion. Based on the entrepreneurial process perspective, these four entrepreneurial decisions are linked to each other. Firstly ,the entrepreneurs must make the decision on whether to entrepreneurship or to work in the established company; Secondly, after the entrepreneur decides to entrepreneurship, he must chose in which entrepreneurial model to entrepreneurship; Thirdly, given the entrepreneurial model, the entrepreneur has to make an important decision on how much effort to devote during the entrepreneurial process; Finally, because the lack of the entrepreneurial resource, entrepreneur needs to choose the resource acquisition strategy to acquire the resource. With the method of economic analysis, the findings are showed as follows: Firstly, based on the perspective of competing for employee by both established company and venture capitalist, this paper shows that competition for employee will affect employee(potential entrepreneur) whether go to entrepreneurship or to work in the established company; Given the premise that employee holds a new entrepreneurial opportunity, this paper finds that when the economic value of the opportunity is big enough, competing for employees by both established company and venture capitalist will lead to employees chose to go to entrepreneurship. This paper provides a new theory to explain why the employee leaves the established company to create a new venture. Secondly, when one entrepreneur decides to start a new venture, he needs to make an important decision on whether to exploit the entrepreneurial opportunity alone or to exploit it by the entrepreneurial team. Based on entrepreneurial team as a risk-solving mechanism perspective, through constructing the model of game theory, this study finds out that the risk characteristic of entrepreneurial opportunity influences which way entrepreneurs will choose to exploit the opportunity. The higher the risk level of entrepreneurial opportunity is, the more likely that the entrepreneur will be to exploit the opportunity through entrepreneurial team; the lower the risk level of entrepreneurial opportunity is, the more likely that the entrepreneur will be to exploit the opportunity alone. Thirdly, in the context of new venture creation process, this paper develops an analytical model to illustrate how the investment model of venture capitalist influences entrepreneur’s effort. This study indicates that when the disclosure degree of signal for new venture cash flow is higher and when the cash flow of new ventures is more stable, compared with upfront financing; stage financing is better able to motivate entrepreneur’s effort. Fourthly, in order to acquire the resource, the entrepreneurs can either choose the strategy of “revealing the opportunity to the investor in advance, afterwards contracting” or choose the strategy of “contracting in advance, afterwards revealing the opportunity to the investor ". Based on game theory model, this paper analyzes which factor will impact the entrepreneurial choice on one specific strategy. The study shows that when the investors think that the entrepreneurial overconfidence degree is high enough, the entrepreneurs will be more likely to adopt the strategy of “revealing opportunity to the investor in advance, afterwards contracting "to acquire resources. So, this paper can explain this interesting phenomenon: why do entrepreneurs tend to reveal the opportunity to the investor in advance before the investor make the decision of investing. The contribution of the study is as follows. Firstly, the previous study on entrepreneurial decision making only focus on what kinds of entrepreneurial thinking model and decision principal entrepreneur use when he makes an entrepreneurial decision, ignore the question that what kinds of entrepreneurial decision entrepreneur need to make and that what kinds of factor impact entrepreneurial choice in the context of making a special kinds of decision. This paper not only studies what kinds of decision entrepreneur need to make, also studies what kinds of factor impact entrepreneurial choice when he makes one entrepreneurial decision. Secondly, the previous study on entrepreneurial decision making only make use of established theory, rarely construct new theory on entrepreneurship. In contrast, based on rigorous assumption, this paper construct game model to analyze entrepreneurial decision making, enrich the theories’ study on entrepreneurship. Thirdly, incorporating the game theory to the study, this paper enriches the study tools in entrepreneurship scholarship filed. The structure of the study is showed followly. Chapter one makes a review about this research’ logic clues and key issues, and introduce the study context contents and methods though the systematic framework, this chapter introduces and integrates relative contents. Chapter two is the part of literature review and shows the theoretical context, and theoretical base of this study. Chapter three studies the employee’s decision on whether to go to entrepreneurship or not. Chapter four focus on entrepreneurial decision on chose which entrepreneurial model to engage in entrepreneurship.Chapter five studies entrepreneur’s effort choice in entrepreneurship process. Chapter six focus on entrepreneurial decision on choosing the resource acquisition strategy to acquire the resource. Chapter seven Summarizes previous study conclusions and explains the study’s contribution and innovation points in theory and practice aspects, and analyzes the deficiency of this paper. Finally, give the direction and prospect of the future research around the dissertation issue.
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