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论文编号：	5456
作者编号：	1120100759
上传时间：	2013/6/8 11:59:36
中文题目：	创业关键学习事件及其效能机制研究
英文题目：	How to Learn from Entrepreneurial Critical Events？An Exploratory Study of the Effectiveness Mechanism
指导老师：	张玉利
中文关键字：	关键学习事件 创业学习脚本 情境学习 结构化 回溯法
英文关键字：	Critical Learning Events; Entrepreneurial Learning Script; Situated Learning; Structuration; Retroduction
中文摘要：	成功的创业者不会一帆风顺，绝大多数创业者都经历过挫折甚至失败；经历挫折和失败的创业者成功的却很少；为什么只有少数有挫折和失败经历的创业者会成功？如果将创业者从失败、挫折乃至成功中学习视为创业过程中必然遇到的“关键学习事件”，那么从理论上探讨关键学习事件的本质特征与内在规律，以及它与成功创业之间的关系，将对揭示组织生成过程的内在规律，改善新企业的生存质量具有重要意义。本文以发生在创业初期阶段的关键学习事件为研究对象，借鉴情境学习、手段导向、认知发展、利益相关者与组织效能等理论，以情境化的分析视角，综合采用探索性多案例研究、结构化与回溯分析方法，探索关键学习事件的结构与效能机制，并在此基础上进一步明确关键学习事件与成功创业之间的关系。研究得出如下结论： 第一，关键学习事件提升创业学习脚本质量。本研究在手段导向理论基础上，利用结构化理论脚本分析框架，提出创业学习脚本包括“我是谁”、“我该做什么”、“我跟谁在一起”三个方面，而关键学习事件就是创业学习脚本通过编码、实施、修订与外化持续变革的过程。本文从合法性、意义与支配性三个维度全面考察脚本变革的综合效应，发现在关键学习事件中创业学习脚本质量显著提升，其中支配性的提升主要表现在关键学习事件导致创业者对“我是谁”理解的深化；合法性的提升主要表现在关键学习事件导致创业者对“我该做什么”认识的深入；意义的提升主要表现在关键学习事件导致创业者对“我跟谁在一起”理解的深化。 第二，关键学习事件是情境学习的过程。本文通过回溯分析发现，在关键学习事件中创业者以合法的边缘参与形式融入实践共同体，并在实践共同体中不断明确自己的角色身份，并提升对利益相关者的影响。具体来说，基于情境化视角的关键学习事件结构由角色身份认同、合法的边缘参与、实践共同体三部分组成，并且三者都与利益相关者影响力有关，当三者作用得到增强时，利益相关者影响力也得到增强。 第三，从认知发展的角度来看，在关键学习事件中创业者的认知结构在平衡与失衡的反复循环中不断变化、丰富和发展。创业者认知结构的演变是同化与顺应两种机制共同作用的结果。同化表现为创业者的自我肯定倾向，主要体现为创业者对环境的影响，是一个量变的过程，具有历史性；顺应则表现为创业者在适应不确定环境过程中，创业者认知结构发生的剧烈改变，体现了环境对创业者的影响，是一个质变过程，具有即时性。 第四，本研究发现关键学习事件显著增强利益相关者影响力。在关键学习事件中，创业者通过顺应与同化两种机制的共同作用增强对利益相关者的影响；两种机制同时涉及角色身份认同、实践共同体与合法的边缘参与三个方面。当这三方面问题同时得到解决时，关键学习事件结构达到新的平衡，顺应与同化两种机制的作用得到增强，利益相关者影响力显著提升。 本文的理论价值和创新之处体现在以下三个方面：第一，针对合法化组织生成研究过于强调制度趋同的影响，对创业活动不确定性认识不足；以及手段导向过于强调主体能动作用的发挥，弱化了制度环境对创业的合法性要求等方面问题，本文从创业情境学习角度拓展了已有组织生成过程研究；第二，将情境学习、认知发展、利益相关者与组织效能理论在创业情境下进行了验证与拓展；第三，针对已有基于实证主义、建构主义以及与结构化理论，对创业行为独特性规律研究的不足，本文采用批判实在论的回溯分析方法，以情境学习、手段导向、认识发展、组织效能以及利益相关者理论为基础，揭示了约束创业行为的深层结构与效能机制，拓展了已有研究对创业行为独特性规律的认识。此外，本研究也为创业实践、创业教育以及相关政策的制定带来重要启示。 本文共七章，结构安排如下：第一章，绪论。介绍研究背景、研究问题和意义、研究内容和方法，归纳本文的框架体系。第二章，相关理论回顾。对研究依托的理论基础和相关研究成果进行梳理，识别已有研究的不足及可能的拓展方向，导出本文的研究问题。第三章，理论框架和研究设计。本章主要是界定核心概念、阐释理论框架、描述研究设计，从而保证本研究的严谨性和科学性。第四章，案例内分析。在本章中我们采用结构化理论的脚本分析框架，对三家样本企业的关键学习事件进行了分析。第五章，通过跨案例分析抽象、提炼出关键学习事件结构与效能机制。第六章，构建关键学习事件综合概念模型，以阐明关键学习事件与成功创业之间的关系；第七章，结论和展望。本章主要是通过与现有文献的对话，将本文的理论贡献、实践价值加以总结，同时指出本文的研究不足，并为开展进一步研究提出了建议和方向。
英文摘要：	Successful entrepreneurs will not be smooth. The vast majority of entrepreneurs have experienced setbacks or even failure. Experienced setbacks and failures are rarely successful entrepreneurs. Why only a few setbacks and failures experienced entrepreneurs can be successful? If we look at the entrepreneur learning from the failure, frustration and even successful experience as an inevitable encounter "critical learning event," then theoretically discussing the essential characteristics of the critical learning events and internal rules, as well as between it and success of entrepreneurial relations, will reveal the inherent law of organizational generation process and improve the quality of life of new enterprises of great significance. In this dissertation, we study the critical learning event which occurred in the early stages of entrepreneurship. Use for reference from situated learning, effectuation, cognitive development, stakeholder theory and organizational effectiveness to explore the structure and working mechanisms of critical learning events. From situational analysis perspective and combination of exploratory multiple case studies, structured and retrospective analysis methods to further identify the relationships between critical learning events and business succeed. This study has come to the following conclusions: First, the critical learning events enhance the quality of entrepreneurial learning script. Based on the effectuation theory, this study uses structuration theoretical scripting framework to analyze and conclude that entrepreneurial learning scripts include "Who am I", "What should I do", "Who together with me," three aspects, and the critical learning events that entrepreneurial learning script by encoding, implementation, revision and externalizing continuous change process. In this dissertation, we comprehensively survey combined effect of changes in the script from legitimacy, significance and dominant three dimensions. It is found that in the critical learning events entrepreneurial learning significantly improve the quality of the script, in which dominant enhance learning mainly in the critical events leading entrepreneurs of the "who am I" the deepening of understanding; legitimacy enhance learning mainly in the critical events leading entrepreneurs of the "what should I do "in-depth understanding; significant improvement was mainly manifested in the critical learning events leading entrepreneurs of the" Who together me "Understanding the deepening. Second, the critical learning event is a situational learning process. In this dissertation, through a retrospective analysis found that in the event of critical learning entrepreneurs through legitimate peripheral participation integrate into communities of practice, and continually clarify their role identity in the community of practice, which lead to enhance the compact to stakeholders. Specifically, based on the key learning situational perspective event structure by the role identity, legitimate peripheral participation, community of practice composed of three parts, and all three stakeholder influence, and when all three effects are enhanced when the interests of the stakeholders influence has also been enhanced. Third, from the perspective of cognitive development in critical learning events entrepreneurship cognitive structure balance and imbalance in repeated cycles constantly changing, enrich and develop. Entrepreneurship cognitive structure assimilation and follow the evolution of the two mechanisms result of joint action. Assimilation performance of entrepreneurs tend to self-affirmation, mainly reflected in the environmental impact of the entrepreneur, is a quantitative process, with historic; conform to the performance of entrepreneurs in the process of adaptation in an uncertain environment, entrepreneurs cognitive structure dramatic changes, reflecting the impact of environment on entrepreneurs, is a qualitative process with immediacy. Fourth, this study found that the critical learning events significantly enhance stakeholder influence. In the event of critical learning, entrepreneurs adapt and assimilation through the joint action of two mechanisms enhanced stakeholder influence; two mechanisms involve both the role identity, communities of practice and legitimate peripheral participation in three aspects. When these three aspects be addressed simultaneously, the key learning event structure to reach a new equilibrium, adapt and assimilate the role of the two mechanisms is enhanced stakeholder influence significantly improved. The theoretical value and innovation is reflected in the following three aspects: First, for the organization to generate theory put too much attention on legalization organization system but lack of knowledge on entrepreneurial activity uncertainty; On the other hand, effectuation theory put too much emphasis on agency and entrepreneur role to play, but weakening the institutional environment for entrepreneurship legality requirements and other issues. This article from entrepreneurial situated learning perspective expand organization generate process studies; Second, contextual learning, cognitive development, stakeholder theory in entrepreneurship and organizational effectiveness context was verified and expansion; Third, it has been targeted based on positivism, constructivism and the theory and structure of entrepreneurial behavior regularity of the lack of uniqueness. We use a retrospective analysis of critical realism approach to contextual learning, means-oriented, cognitive development, organizational effectiveness, and stakeholder theory, reveals the deep structure of constraint entrepreneurial behavior and performance of mechanisms and expand the existing research on entrepreneurial behavior unique understanding of the law. In addition, this study also for the practice of entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship education and related policies have important revelation. These seven chapters are organized as follows: Chapter one is Introduction. This section is introduces the research background, research questions and significance of research content and methods of induction framework of this dissertation. The second chapter is the relevant theoretical review. Relying on the theoretical basis of the study and related research to sort out, identify existing research and the possible expansion of the lack of direction, derived research questions. Chapter three includes theoretical framework and research design. This chapter is to define the core concepts to explain theoretical framework that describes the study design, in order to ensure scientific rigor of this study. Chapter four is case analysis section. In this chapter we use the theory of structured script analysis framework for three sample business critical learning events were analyzed. Chapter five is through the cross-case analysis to abstract and extract the key learning event structure and performance mechanisms. Chapter six is built critical learning events in an integrated conceptual model to clarify the critical learning events and the relationship between successful entrepreneurs; Chapter seven contains conclusions and prospects. This chapter is mainly a dialogue with the existing literature, the theoretical contribution of this dissertation, practical value to summarize. This study also points out deficiencies and provides recommendations for further research and direction.
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