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论文编号：	5445
作者编号：	1120100807
上传时间：	2013/6/8 8:57:14
中文题目：	基于个人信息世界的信息分化研究
英文题目：	A Study of the Information Divide Based on the Information Worlds of Individuals
指导老师：	于良芝
中文关键字：	信息分化，个人信息世界，整体性理论视角，关联因素，干预与治理
英文关键字：	information divide, Information World of Individuals (IWoI), integrated theoretical perspective, relevance factors, intervening and governance
中文摘要：	随着人类社会由工业社会向信息社会的转型，信息贫富分化已引起了各国政府和研究者的高度关注。特别是在Internet的高速普及和ICT的急剧扩散对人类的生产、生活方式乃至思维习惯产生日益深刻影响的背景下，洞悉信息时代社会的实质与特征，对于促进社会稳定而健康的发展显得越来越重要而紧迫。鉴于此，图书馆与情报学及相关领域的研究者针对信息分化已开展了大量研究。然而，由于理论视角和测度方法的局限，本领域现有的研究思路和结论越来越受到质疑。质疑声音最多的局限之一就是现有研究对信息分化的简单化理解和测度：以信息技术或信息获取渠道的有无来表达复杂的信息分化。 本研究以个人信息世界的贫富差序作为信息分化的操作性定义，采用《个人信息世界量表》等工具考察了城市成年人群的信息贫富状况及关联因素。在国家自然科学基金的资助下，本研究通过参照分层抽样的相关标准，选取了区域位置、经济和社会发展水平、人口规模、文化传统等方面具有代表性的6座城市为调研地，对6048位城市居民进行了测量。通过统计分析，本研究发现： 1）从信息（而不是经济社会地位）的角度看，我国城市成年人群中存在若干信息贫富程度不同、差异明显的层级。具体表现在，在信息贫富分化的格局中越处于有利地位的信息主体，越善于从多样化的信息渠道获得所需要的信息，同时也越倾向于使用知识信息富集或技术门槛较高的信息源，从而积累了更丰富的信息资产。信息富裕者个人信息世界的边界明显比贫困者更宽广。信息越富裕，信息主体个人信息世界的动力越强劲。 2）在信息分化格局中处于不同地位的城市成年人群其个人信息世界各具特色。具体表现在，信息富裕人群不仅对Internet具有的很高的可及性(availability)和可获性(accessibility)，而且在各种类型的信息实践中都倾向于高频率地使用网络信息源。同时，信息富裕者更倾向于把“知识富集型”物质和人际信息源作为基础信息源，并且具备使用有“技能门槛”的信息源（如搜索引擎）的能力。另外，绝大多数信息富裕者每天用1-5小时进行信息活动，其有意识信息实践活动更多地发生于“知识富集型”的信息空间里，而且，信息富裕者语言能力普遍较强，对网络搜索引擎的依赖程度高，并具有较高的批判思维能力。而对于信息贫困者来说，这一人群对信息源的可及和可获程度均低于其他人群，且对各类信息源（尤其是对知识富集型信息源）使用的频率都较低。同时，半数以上的信息贫困者每天用于信息活动的时间在1小时以下，而且其个人信息世界的空间狭小而低质，此外，信息贫困者通常语言应用水平低，对于网络信息源的使用能力有限，倾向于不加分析地接受所获得的信息。 3）结构和主观能动性共同“塑造”了信息分化。表现在，通过年龄、教育水平、职业等人口学特征，可对于信息主体个人信息世界的某些维度进行有效解释；而作为主观能动性的代表变量，自我效能感显著地影响信息主体个人信息世界的各个维度。 4）作为社会设计的信息空间，公共图书馆对于信息分化的干预和治理具有积极的作用。具体表现在：首先，公共图书馆的存在促进了到馆人群信息资产的积累，提高了其智识水平，从而有效地促进了图书馆用户个人信息世界的丰富化。其次，图书馆的存在，从诸多方面改善了信息相对贫困人群的个人信息世界，从而使到馆人群中的“相对信息贫困者”在整个社会中也处于相对信息富裕的状态。此外，本研究表明，社会阅读活动对于信息分化的治理也具有一定程度的有效性。 本研究的主要贡献在于，通过基于个人信息世界的测度与聚类，把人们对于信息这种战略资源（而不是传统的经济社会资源）的占有和利用程度作为衡量其信息贫富状况的基本依据，实现了基于整体性理论视角对信息分化层级的划分和解析，较大程度地弥补了以往研究对信息分化的简单化处理，不仅为信息分化研究，也为信息社会的分层研究提供了新的认识。 本研究在如下两方面实现了理论创新：首先，基于个人信息世界分化差序结构而形成的关于信息社会结构的认识，弥补了单纯从经济社会地位理解人们在信息社会分层中地位的认识。其次，基于个人信息世界的丰富程度而划分的信息贫富分化层级，实现了对传统的基于信息获取利用或ICT接入等单维信息分化认识的创新。 本文的最后，作者陈述了本研究的局限性，并根据研究发现提出了信息分化干预和治理的若干政策建议。
英文摘要：	Along with the social transformation from the industrial age to the information age, both governments and researchers have begun to pay more and more attention to the information divide issues. Due to the rapid popularity of The Internet and the diffusion of ICT, members of the so called Information Society have been impacted profoundly not only on their production mode and everyday life styles but also habits of their mind. Understanding this impact has become an urgent need of the Information Society. Thus, researchers from Library and Information Science and related fields have conducted a lot of research which focuses on the information divide. However, divided theoretical perspectives have limited the development of theories in this field and existing research has been criticized for embodying divided perspectives and for simplifying information divide as binary divide of a single dimension of information access. In this study, the information wealth of urban adults in China was judged by the measurement of the richness of their 'Information World'. Thus, the differentiation of individuals’ information worlds was utilized as operational definition for information differentiation. Aiming to explore the information differentiation among Chinese urban adults and determine what kinds of factors may impact it, present study selected Information World of Individuals Scale (IWoIS) and related items as research instruments. Subsidized by National Natural Science Fund, this study measured the Information Worlds of Individuals (IWoI) of 6048 urban residents from 6 cities in China. The cities present study selected represent different geographical locations, levels of economic and social development, population and culture traditions. Therefore, the samples of this study is expected to represent Chinese urban adults well. Through the investigation, present study found that: 1) From the perspective of information (instead of the social and economic perspective), urban adults in China are divided into different strata, each with distinctive features. Generally speaking, there are 3 dimensions which show the information differentiation. Firstly, for the content of IWoI, the richer in the information, the greater variety of information access channels they would have and the greater possibilities they will select knowledge-rich or skill-dependant information sources in their information seeking process. As a result, information rich accumulated more information assets than information poor. Secondly, information rich have a broader IWoI boundary than information poor. Finally, the richer in IWoI, the more dynamics they will have in their information practices. 2) Information differentiation among urban adults is a multidimensional phenomenon. More specifically, a high proportion of information rich not only have availability and accessibility to The Internet but also tend to use network sources frequently in all kinds of information practices. Moreover, information rich are more likely to select those 'knowledge-rich' material or interpersonal information sources as their basic information sources and more able to utilize the skill-dependant information sources (for example, the search engine of The Internet). Besides, most of information rich spend 1-5 hours each day for information seeking in their daily life and their Intentional and Conscious Information Practices are frequently occurred in 'knowledge-rich' information spaces. In general, information rich have better literacy and critical thinking skills in their information seeking process. Furthermore, aiming to access information they need, information rich seem to depend more on the The Internet search engine. By construct, for the information poor, very few high quality information sources are available and accessible for them and nearly all information sources (especially those 'knowledge-rich' information sources) are used infrequently in their information seeking process. Moreover, more than half information poor spend less than 1 hour each day on information seeking and the information spaces of these people are narrow and information-scanty. Furthermore, information poor are usually poor on literacy skill and ability to seeking information on The Internet and tend to accept information without critical thinking. 3) Information differentiation is 'shaped' by both social structure and agency of individuals. Specifically, differentiation on some dimensions of IWoI can be explained by information agents' age, educational level and occupation, et al. Meanwhile, self-efficiency, which is considered as the representative variable of individuals' agency, was found affecting all dimensions of IWoI. 4) As a socially designed information space, public libraries have significantly positive effect on alleviating information differentiation. First, public libraries is proved to be able to enrich the users' information assets and improve their intellectual sophistication, and therefore promote the public library users' IWoI effectively. Second, public libraries is also proved to be helpful for the improvement of information poor's IWoI in many ways. Thus, those 'information poor' among public library users are relatively richer in terms of their information worlds in comparison with the information poor among the general population. Besides, the present study found that reading-promotion projects were also effective for alleviating of information differentiation in some degree. The main contribution of the present research is that it shows the division between the information poor and rich in the terms’ real sense: by individuals' possession and usership of information resources instead of traditional economic or social resources. In this way it has overcome one of the most severe limitations of traditional information inequality research which sees information divide as binary divide on a single dimension of information access; it has also provided a unified standard for information rich or poor assessment by apply differentiation of IWoI as the operational definition of information divide. In summary, present research have theoretical innovations in two aspects: Firstly, it contributes to the understanding of the structure of information society by adding an informational element to the traditional understanding based solely on socio-economic status. Secondly, it contributes to the understanding of information divide as a multifaceted phenomenon rather than a binary divide on a single dimension of information or ICT access. Based on these theoretical innovations, this study also put forwards some suggestions for policy makers who may concern with the intervening of information differentiation issues.
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