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论文编号：	5418
作者编号：	1120100769
上传时间：	2013/6/7 17:52:58
中文题目：	银行开放式创新与经营绩效关系的实证研究----产品创新与信息技术创新的中介作用
英文题目：	Empirical Research on Relation between Open Innovation and Operational Performance in Banking Industry:The Mediations of Product Innovation and IT Innovation
指导老师：	吴晓云
中文关键字：	开放式创新；产品创新；信息技术创新；经营绩效；银行
英文关键字：	open innovation; product innovation; IT innovation; operational performance; banking
中文摘要：	正值中国向知识经济快速转型之际，越来越多的中国企业通过开放式创新战略模式来提高自身的创新能力。近年来，随着信息和网络技术的迅猛发展，开放式创新战略的制定和实施不再局限于制造业领域和高科技行业，银行作为知识密集型服务业的典型代表，采用开放式创新模式进行产品创新和信息技术创新的趋势明显。一方面由于社会直接融资的发展，“金融脱媒”迫使银行正从直接融资中介逐步向综合金融服务提供商转变；另一方面由于互联网技术的进步，“技术脱媒”迫使银行从线下支付中介向互联网支付中介转变；传统银行作为融资中介和支付中介的两大功能都受到了前所未有的挑战，产品创新和信息技术创新已然成为银行战略转型的重要支撑。银行通过与顾客、技术供应商、金融机构、研究机构等展开合作，通过开放式创新模式开发新产品和新系统，以期为顾客创造并传递价值，同时提高创新资源的获取和利用效率。但目前理论界关于服务业的创新理论，尤其是开放式创新的理论和实证研究还十分匮乏，关于开放式创新战略理论在具体的服务领域——银行业方面的系统研究几乎无人涉及，难以指导银行企业创新实践。与封闭式创新相比，银行能否通过开放式创新获取有价值的资源和知识，以提高产品创新和信息技术创新的效率效果？能否通过开放式创新实现创新绩效和经营绩效的改进，在此过程中需要银行具备哪些能力？这些问题关系到银行长期战略性的发展，但现有的理论和实践研究并未给出明确的答案。鉴于此，本研究提出如下研究主题和目标：根据开放式创新相关理论和银行业特征，重新开发、构建具有可操作性的银行开放式创新战略构成维度，探讨在不同情境中开放式创新与经营绩效的关系，并研究产品创新和信息技术创新在此过程中的影响机制，以期能够得出银行开放式创新实施的一般性规律，从而更具针对性地为银行制定和实施开放式创新战略提供理论和实证依据。围绕这样的研究宗旨和目标，本研究主要确立并实施开展了四项系统性的研究工作：1.全面、系统梳理了开放式创新战略领域、服务创新领域以及信息技术创新领域的经典文献；2.通过深度访谈和二手资料整理，归纳和提炼中国银行市场竞争和创新情况，以及银行实施开放式创新的战略特点；3.在文献回顾和实地调研的基础上，通过逻辑推理建立银行开放式创新战略与经营绩效关系的概念模型，引入知识管理能力作为调节变量，引入产品创新和信息技术创新作为中介变量；4.界定开放式创新战略、产品创新、信息技术创新、知识管理能力和经营绩效的各项构成维度，通过文献倒译、对18家银行的高层管理人员和管理学专家进行访谈调研，开发出测量量表，并对样本银行展开问卷调查，在实地调研获取126家银行一手数据的基础上，进行实证分析。通过上述研究工作的开展和实证数据分析，本研究得出以下结论：1.银行实施开放式创新主要通过与顾客、技术供应商、金融机构和研究机构展开合作实现，并获取市场信息、技术信息和专业知识等有价值的资源，不同外部主体在参与程度以及产生的绩效影响效应方面存在些许差异。2.银行能够通过开放式创新战略的实施提升服务质量、创新程度和创新速度等产品创新绩效，也能提升IT技术能力、IT人员能力和IT管理能力等信息技术创新绩效，在此过程中银行需要具备较强的吸收和整合知识的能力。3.银行产品创新与信息技术创新之间的交互作用对经营绩效产生直接的正向影响，二者协调发展有利于经营绩效的提升。4.开放式创新战略不仅会对经营绩效产生直接的正向影响，而且会通过产品创新和信息技术创新对经营绩效产生间接的正向影响，银行产品创新和信息技术创新是开放式创新战略提升经营绩效的关键中间要素。本研究的理论贡献和创新性主要表现在：1.将开放式创新研究拓展到银行业，丰富创新理论的行业研究背景；针对银行企业的深度访谈体现了本研究紧密联系实际的主要特色，访谈调研选取个案访谈和座谈会议相结合的形式。2.系统梳理了开放式创新领域的相关文献研究，重点归纳了开放式创新战略的构成维度、前置因素和绩效影响方面的研究成果，融合外部资源获取与外部参与主体两个视角，从理论和实证层面探究开放式创新战略的内涵、维度和测量量表。3.在模型构建方面，区别于以往的简单关系研究，提出开放式创新战略的综合绩效评价体系，创新性地引入“知识管理能力”作为调节变量，引入“产品创新”和“信息技术创新”作为中介变量，分析和检验了银行开放式创新战略与经营绩效之间的关系机制。4.在实证设计方面，本研究在界定研究层面、选择研究对象和开发测量量表等方面，鉴于以往关于服务业开放式创新战略的研究缺失，都结合具体银行业特征做出了努力工作。
英文摘要：	Faced with the fast transition to the knowledge economy, more and more Chinese enterprises improve their ability to innovate through implementing open innovation strategy. In recent years, with the rapid development of information and network technology, development and implementation of open innovation strategy is no longer confined to manufacturing and high-tech industry. The bank as a typical representative of knowledge-intensive service industries, is applying open innovation model to carry out product innovation and IT innovation. On the one hand, with the development of social direct financing, the bank is forced to gradually shift form direct financing intermediary to integrated financial service provider because of the rapid development of financial disintermediation. On the other hand, with the advancement of internet technology, the bank is forced to gradually shift from physical payment intermediary to internet payment intermediary because of the rapid development of technology disintermediation.Two traditional functions of banking as financial intermediary and payment intermediary are subject to unprecedented challenges, while product innovation and IT innovation have already become important support of the bank's strategic transformation. The bank applys open innovation model to develop new products and systems through working with customers, technological suppliers, financial institutions, research institutions et al., in order to create and deliver value for customers, while improving the efficiency of accessing and applying innovative resources. But nowadays the theory on service innovation, especially the theoretical and empirical studies of open innovation is still very scarce. Almost no one studys theory of open innovation strategy in specific service areas such as banking industry, which is difficult to guiding practice. Compared to close innovation, whether banks can acquisite valuable resources and knowledge through open innovation, in order to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of product innovation and IT innovation? whether banks can improve innovative performance and operational performance through open innovation, and during this process what kind of capacity banks have to need? However, existing theoretical and practical studies have not given clear answers to these problems, which related to the long-term strategic development of banks. Thus, this study based on the theory of open ionnovation and features of banking industry, re-develops and builds open innovation strategy constitution in banking. This study also explores the contingent relationships between open innovation and operational performance in different contexts, and analyzes the influence mechanism of product innovation and IT innovation during this process, in order to draw the general rule of open innovation implementation in banking and to provide a theoretical and empirical basis for the development and implementation of open innovation strategy in banking. In summary, according to the above theme four research works are included as follows: 1.This study reviews the classic literatures in three topics, such as open innovation strategy, service innovation and IT innovation. 2.Based on the deep interviews and collecting secondary data, this study inducts and extracts information about market competition and innovation in Chinese banking, as well as strategic characteristics of implementing open innovation. 3.Based on the literature review and field research, this study constructs conceptual model on relation between open innovation strategy and operational performance, via the introduction of knowledge management capability as the moderating variable, as well as the introduction of product innovation and IT innovation as mediating variables. 4.This study defines constituted dimensions of open innovation strategy, product innovation, IT innovation, knowledge management capability and operational performance, develops measurement scale after a series of works, such as back translation, interviews with managers of 18 banks and experts on management, and carries out empirical analysis based on 126 questionnaires of sample banks. The main findings are summarized as follows: 1.Results tell us that the bank develops open innovation primarily through collaboration with customers, technological suppliers, financial institutions, research institutions, which can access to valuable resources such as market information, technical information and expertise knowledge et al. Different external partners positively impact on performance during open innovation process, however, there exist some minor differences in the participation extent and effects on performance among these partners. 2.The implementation of open innovation strategy could directly improve product innovation performance, such as service qulity, innovationness and innovation speed, as well as directly improving IT innovation performance, such as IT technology capacity, IT human capacity and IT management capacity. Whether open innovation strategy can achieve superior performance, depending on internal management capabilities of absorpting and integrating knowledge. 3.The interaction between product innovation and IT innovation has a direct positive impact on the operational performance. 4.Open innovation strategy not only has a direct positive impact on the operational performance, but also has a indirect positive impact on the operational performance through product innovation and IT innovation. Product innovation and IT innovation is the key element between the open innovation strategy and the operational performance in banking. Theory contributions are manifested as follows: 1.This study gives research ideas on applying open innovation theory to modern service industry practice, extends open innovation research to banking industry and riches the theory of innovation. This study is close to reality through developing deep interviews,which are combination of case interviews and discussion meetings. 2.This study gives an overall look at the relevant researches about open innovation, summarizes constituted dimensions , antecedents and performance impact of open innovation strategy. This study develops dimensions and measurement scale of open innovation strategy integrating external –resource perspective and external-partner perspective from both theoretical and empirical levels. 3.Distinct from others’ simple relationship perspective, this study firstly adds in comprehensive performance evaluation system of open innovation strategy, and introduces knowledge management capability as a moderator , as well as the introduction of product innovation and information technology innovation as mediators in analyzing the mechanism between open innovation strategy and operational performance. 4.This study makes many contributions in empirical design, such as defining research level, choosing samples and developing measurement scale, which closely contacts with features of banking, in order to make up to the lack of open innovation theory in service industry.
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