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论文编号：	5387
作者编号：	1120100808
上传时间：	2013/6/7 10:09:29
中文题目：	我国综合性文献数据库用户心智模型研究
英文题目：	The Study in Users’ Mental Model of China Comprehensive Academic Database
指导老师：	王知津
中文关键字：	心智模型，综合性文献数据库，信息用户，个体差异，检索绩效
英文关键字：	mental model, comprehensive academic databases, information user, individual difference, search performace
中文摘要：	我国综合性文献数据库作为一类以实现全社会知识资源传播共享和增值利用为目标的信息化建设产品，发展的规模越来越大，并且越来越为人们熟知和使用。如何最大限度的提升用户对这类产品的利用效率成为了文献数据库开发商和用户心中共同的理念。从文献数据库提供方来看，为了满足用户的信息需求，为用户提供了很多功能效果各异的检索资源，各种具有知识提供功能的新型产品还在不断问世。从信息用户方来看，常常通过参与信息素养培训或文献检索课来提升自己的信息检索知识和技能。认知心理学中的心智模型是人们心中根深蒂固存在的，影响人们认识世界、解释世界、面对世界，以及如何采取行动的许多假设和印象。信息用户使用这类文献数据库时存在认知和使用上的障碍，表面上归结为用户检索行为的失败，但本质上却是数据库的实现模型或文献数据库设计师的表现模型与用户心智模型不一致所造成的。 为了进一步深入到认知和情感的高度揭示用户利用文献数据库行为规律背后的原因，本研究旨在对我国综合性文献数据库用户心智模型的结构、前因和效应进行探索。主要的研究工作包括：第一，在文献综述和对信息行为领域用户心智模型理论问题分析的基础上，构建了本研究的理论框架，阐明了各类变量的构成和测度方法。第二，采取便利抽样的方法，招募17名访谈对象，综合利用概念列表法、半结构化访谈法和绘制心智图法对用户心智模型的构成进行了质性探索。第三，采用大样本的问卷调查法，利用因子分析法和结构方程建模法对用户心智模型的构成进行了探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析，对用户心智模型的结构进行定量测量。第四，综合采用实验法、问卷调查法、t检验、单因素方差分析法和线性回归法对用户心智模型的前因（个体差异）和绩效进行分析，验证了用户心智模型、用户特征和检索绩效三者之间的关系。最后，在上述实证研究的基础上，辅之以心智模型、符号学和感性工学理论，提出今后文献数据库设计者、信息专业人员和研究人员应该努力的方向。 本研究的主要研究结论为： 第一，用户心智模型构成方面：得出和验证了用户心智模型的构成概念模型，该模型由用户动机认知、用户范围认知、数据库常识认知、内容认知、界面功能认知、用户负面情感、用户正面情感和用户检索策略八个结构变量及其对应的28个观测变量构成。 第二，用户心智模型前因方面：网龄和认知风格是造成用户心智模型差异的两个重要因素。对网龄而言，高网龄组的心智模型平均得分高于低网龄组，主要体现在内容认知、用户负面情感和用户正面情感三个维度。对认知风格而言，场独立组的用户心智模型得分显著高于场依存型用户，而且主要是体现在用户界面功能认知方面。年龄的不同对用户心智模型及其各个维度均无产生差异。此外，虽然性别、学科、年级、使用频率、学习风格在用户心智模型整体上没有差异，但却在相应的维度有差异。 第三，用户心智模型效应方面：用户心智模型在用户特征与用户检索绩效之间存在中介效应。就用户认知风格变量而言，用户心智模型可能起着部分中介效应（仍有待今后进一步验证）；就网龄变量而言，用户心智模型起着完全中介效应。 本研究的创新点主要体现为： 第一，首次对我国综合性文献数据库用户心智模型的构成维度和元素进行探索。克服了当前国内对于我国综合性文献数据库用户心智模型的研究仅仅是按照心理学领域对心智模型概念构成界定（信念和知识结构）的不足。同时，对用户心智模型进行了分类，得到四种心智模型类型，界面观、链接观、质量评价观和过程观，并得到每种心智模型的特点。 第二，制定了我国综合性文献数据库用户心智模型的测量量表及指标体系。关于心智模型的构成，主要集中在认知、情感和策略三个层面。无疑，新的量表和指标体系可以对我国综合性文献数据库进行测评。在制定量表的过程中，进一步得到了基于多维交互关系的本科生用户心智模型运行机理，为今后该领域心智模型的研究提供了坚实的理论基础。 第三，从定量的角度对我国综合性文献数据库用户心智模型的前因和效应进行检验。得出用户特征、用户心智模型和用户检索绩效三者间的关系，为今后个性化信息素养培训提供理论依据。
英文摘要：	China comprehensive academic databases are one of the informatization construction products, which aim to achieve the whole society knowledge resources spreading, sharing and value-added utilization. Their development scale is becoming bigger and bigger, and known or used by more and more individuals.It has became academic database inventors’ and users’ same objects on how to improve the efficiency of making use of academic database fully. On the one hand, from academic database inventors’ perspective, in order to meet its users’ information need, they provide users with various information resources and lots of new products come out constantly. On the other hand, from the information user perspective, they always improve their information retrieval knowledge and skill by participating in information literacy train and document retrieval course. Mental model is an important conception of cognitive psychology. It is some assumptions and impression, which are deeply rooted in people’s hearts. It has influence on understanding and interpreting the world and instructs people’s actions.When using these kind of academic databases, information user always have some cognitive and use barrier.On the surface, we may consider it as a failure of information retrieval behavior.But, it caused by the inconsistent between database implementation model , designer’s model and user mental model. In order to deep into cognitive and emotion level reveal the reason of user behavior rules, this study aims to explore the structure, antecedents and effect of users’ mental models of china comprehensive academic databases.The dissertation achieves the work in following five part: Firstly, establishing theoretical framework and illustrating all kinds of variable composition and measure methods is based on reviewing literature and analyzing users’ mental modelof information behavior area theoretical problems. Secondly, taking the convenience sampling method, recruiting 17 interview subjects and analyzing the composition of mental model based on concept listing, semi-structured interview and drawing mental map. Thirdly, taking large scale questionnaire survey method, and using factor analysis and structural equation model to measure users’ mental modelfrom quantitative aspect. Fourthly, so as to test the relationship between mental model, user characteristics and retrieval performance, experimental, t-test, one-way analysis of variance and linear regression method are used comprehensively. At last, the striving direction of academic database designer and information literacy training personnel and researcher is appointed, based on empirical study and some theories. These theories are mental model, semiotics and kansei engineering. The main results of this study are: First, on the composition of mental model aspect, this study found the conceptual model of mental model of china comprehensive academic databases.This model includes user motivation cognitive, user reach cognitive, database general knowledge cognitive,database content cognitive, interface capabilities cognitive,user positive emotions,user negative emotions and user search strategy eight structures variables and corresponding with 28 observational variables. Second, on the antecedents of users’ mental modelaspect, network age and cognitive style are two important factors for the individual difference of user mental model.In terms of network age factor, the mental model score of high network age group is higher than low network age group.It is mainly reflect in content cognitive, user positive and negative emotions dimensions.In terms of cognitive style factor, the mental model score of field independence is higher than field dependence group,and it is mainly reflect in interface capabilities cognitive of user. The difference of age does not effect users’ mental modeland every dimensions.In addition, for the factor of gender,major grade, use frequency and learning style,this study found these factors has not significant effect user mental model.But, these factors has some difference in parts of mental model dimensions. Third, on the effects of users’ mental modelaspect, this study found that users’ mental modelhas a mediation effect between user character and user search performance. In terms of cognitive style factor, users’ mental modelmay play a partial mediation effect, but remain to be further proved and discussed. In terms of network age factor, users’ mental modelhas a full mediation effect. The main innovative points of this study reflected in: First, this study is the first time to explore the dimentions and elements of users’ mental model of China comprehensive academic databases. This study overcomes some deficiencies of current study in domestic, which is only definite mental model from cognitive psychology.These exzisting study consider mental model only include belief and knowledge structure. Meanwhile, the results also showed that four types of mental models of the academic database were identified: interface view, hyperlink view, quality evaluation view and process view. The characters of four mental models were also identified. Second, this study develops a scale and index system for users’ mental model of china comprehensive academic database.in terms of the mental model composition; it is mainly focus on cognitive, emotion and strategy three levels.Undoubtedly, this new scale and index system can evaluate users’ mental model of china comprehensive academic database.In making scale process, this study also obtained operational mechanism of users’ mental model based on multidimensional interaction,which can supply a solid theory foundation for the futher study in mental model. Third, in order to clarify the relation between user character, users’ mental model and user search performace, this study tested the antecedents and effects of china comprehensive academic database from quantitative view.This conclution provide theory basis for the future personalized information literacy training.
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