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论文编号：	4271
作者编号：	2120102208
上传时间：	2012/6/6 13:53:55
中文题目：	应急车辆动态调度与组队问题研究
英文题目：	The Emergency Vehicle Dynamic Scheduling and Team Forming Problem
指导老师：	张建勇
中文关键字：	应急车辆管理，动态组队，运行机制，调度策略
英文关键字：	emergency vehicle management, dynamic team forming problem, operational mechanism, scheduling strategy
中文摘要：	近年来，随着现代社会的高速发展，人口、资源、环境、公共卫生等方面的社会问题日益突出，这些问题都导致了应急事件的爆发日趋频繁，危害程度逐渐加大，突发应急事件所造成的损失也在逐步增加。因此，应急物流的研究是十分关键的。因而，作为物流合理化的重要手段，车辆路径的优化则可以增强应急车辆的运作效率，减少应急物流的延迟时间，提高应急物流的响应性，加快应急救援任务的完成。本文正是基于这样的背景研究了突发事件中应急车辆的调度和动态组队问题。本论文在回顾图论、排队论、协同论等相关理论知识的基础上，结合应急管理理论和系统论的知识，梳理了国内外应急车辆调度问题的相关文献和解决车辆调度和路径优化的常用方法，总结了该领域未研究的空白点。其后，参考国外学者对动态组队问题的定义，限定了本论文的研究对象——动态组队问题。由于动态组队问题可以看作是一种特殊的动态车辆路径问题，因此，首先分析了应急车辆调度的策略，在借鉴和应用应急车辆调度方法论框架的基础上，本论文总结了动态组队的运行机制和调度策略，并构建了采用同车场同车型和同车场异车型的两种调度运行策略的动态组队基础模型。随后，从基本模型开始，逐步扩展、完善，进而放宽约束条件，分析了外界条件不确定和应急需求有优先级别之分的两类动态组队问题。然后通过遗传算法求解优化基础模型，并结合计算机技术，编写程序，数据仿真，验证了模型的有效性和实用性。本论文的创新点有三：一是从动态调度与动态合作的新视角研究突发事件下应急车辆调度问题，更加注重协作性和组合优化的优势。二是运用车辆调度理论、应急管理理论、系统理论、协同论等学科的理论和方法，贯穿于整篇论文的研究过程，总结了动态组队的七大典型特征和六大组队策略。三是建立了动态组队与路径优化问题的两种基本理论模型，为车辆动态调度问题的研究和路径优化问题起到一定借鉴作用。最后，提出了该领域未来的研究方向。
英文摘要：	Recent years, with the rapid development of modern society, population, resources, environment, public health and other social problems becoming increasingly severe, these problems have led to the outbreak of the emergency event and the condition is becoming more frequent. The gradual increase because of the outbreak of sudden emergencies, which have also caused the loss gradually increased. Therefore, strengthening emergency logistics is crucial. As an important means of logistics rationalization, vehicle routing optimization can enhance the operational efficiency of the emergency vehicle, reduce the delay time of the emergency logistics, improve emergency logistics response, speed up the completion of the emergency rescue, the research is very critical. Based on these backgrounds, we explore the emergency vehicle schedule (EVSP) and dynamic team forming problems. We begin by combining some of the relational theories, such as the graph theory, queuing theory, synergetic, and system theory. Next we review the knowledge of emergency management theory and the literature of the emergency vehicle scheduling problem and common methods to solve the vehicle scheduling and route optimization. Then we sum up the point of the state of the air and prospect in the field. Later, referring to foreign scholars, we make the definition of the dynamic team forming problem (DTFP)—the object. Since DTFP can see as a special type of dynamic vehicle routing problem (DVRP), we begin by EVSP and explore the definition, operational mechanism and scheduling strategies of DTFP. Next, we study different scenarios based on different models of multi-vehicles. Then we consider the extend model—uncertainty and priority. Combined with computer technology, programming, genetic algorithm (GA) are used to solve the basic model. Data simulation results indicate that the efficiency of DTFP models and the quality of emergency rescue services can be significantly improved with the proposed models. There are three novel aspects. First, we study the EVSP at the dynamic scheduling and dynamic collaboration perspective. Here, we pay more attention to the advantages of collaboration and combinatorial optimization. Secondly, combined the theory of vehicle scheduling, emergency management theory, systems theory, collaborative theory with other disciplines’ theories, we use all these methods through the entire thesis process, and then conclude seven characteristics and six policies in DTFP. Thirdly, this thesis presents two basic theoretical models of DTFP and path optimization problems. These findings play a valuable role for vehicle scheduling and vehicle route problem. Finally, we display future research directions in this field.
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