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论文编号：	4249
作者编号：	1120090691
上传时间：	2012/6/6 10:02:16
中文题目：	基于时间动态特征的创业行为研究
英文题目：	Research on Entrepreneurial Behaviors with the Temporal Dynamic Patterns
指导老师：	张玉利
中文关键字：	新生企业，创业行为，先前经历，机会属性，创业绩效，时间动态特征
英文关键字：	Nascent Ventures; Entrepreneurial Behaviors; Prior Experience; Nature of Opportunity; Entrepreneurial Performance; Temporal Dynamic Patterns
中文摘要：	立足于企业生命周期的最前端，如何在孕育过程中着力打造与培育具有高成长潜质的新企业诞生成为学术界和实践界共同关注的问题。创业研究的主流观点认为，面临资源、时间、精力的高度约束下，创业行为成为新生企业摆脱生存压力，破解成长密码的源动力，进而“为什么、如何有效地开展创业行为”则成为揭示新企业生存与成长规律、刻画创业过程本质特征的金钥匙。本研究聚焦于新企业孕育期这一独特阶段，选择处于创建过程中的新生企业作为研究对象，运用复杂科学理论、人力资本理论、创新理论等相关学科知识，基于微观层面深入剖析了基于时间动态特征的创业行为的影响因素及绩效作用机制，考察了创业者先前经历与创业机会属性如何嵌入于创业行为进而影响创业绩效。本文依托于中国创业动态跟踪调查（Chinese Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics, CPSED）项目，获取321份有效样本数据资料，采用层次回归分析、调节回归分析等方法，对研究假设进行了实证检验。研究结论揭示了新企业生存与成长的一般规律及内在机理，具体包括如下四方面：第一，基于时间动态特征的创业行为是影响创业绩效的重要因素。本研究引用两个特定的与时间有关的参数来刻画创业行为，包括行为速度和行为集中度，探讨了创业行为与创业绩效之间的关系。研究发现行为速度与创业的生存绩效和成长绩效均呈现出倒U型关系，行为集中度与创业的生存绩效和成长绩效呈负向关系。研究得出结论，恰当把握行为速度的快慢，调整与掌控整体创业过程，保持平稳的步伐与节奏是提升创业绩效的重要路径。第二，创业者先前经历影响创业行为的选择方式与决策机制。本研究发现创业者先前经历影响创业行为的选择与决策，但影响机制却并不相同。结论表明，创业者先前创业经历与创业行为集中度之间为正向显著的相关关系，创业者先前产业经历与创业行为集中度之间为负向显著的相关关系。研究结果显示，创业者先前经历所蕴含的知识属性并不相同，因此对外在化的创业行为的选择与决策影响力不同。第三，创业机会的创新性特征在创业行为的选择与决策中扮演着重要角色。本研究分别从产品创新、技术创新和市场创新三方面来考察创业机会的创新程度，得出结论，产品创新、技术创新与行为速度负相关，市场创新与行为速度并无显著关系；技术创新、市场创新与行为集中度负相关，产品创新与行为集中度并无显著关系。第四，基于时间动态特征的创业行为是创业者先前经历和创业机会属性特征共同作用的结果。本研究发现：创业者教育经历越丰富，产品创新与行为集中度之间的负向作用越强；创业者创业经历越丰富，市场创新与行为集中度之间的负向作用越强；创业者产业经历越丰富，产品创新与行为集中度之间的负向作用越强。结果表明，创业者先前经历和创业机会创新性两者的共同作用在一定程度上影响着创业行为的选择与决策。依据创业者和创业机会的匹配关系来概括创业活动发生的情境，进而把握创业行为的本质及内在规律，有助于深层次挖掘创业绩效提升的路径机制。本研究主要的创新点体现在以下三个方面：第一，聚焦于新企业孕育期考察创业行为的影响因素及效应机制。本研究依托于中国创业动态跟踪调查这一宝贵的数据库资料，获取了新企业孕育阶段真实可靠的信息，重点考察了这一阶段基于时间动态特征的创业行为的影响因素及效应机制，一定程度上推动了新企业生成理论的发展，对我国这一领域的研究具有创新性的价值与意义。第二，基于创业过程整体层面验证了创业行为的时间动态特征及规律。与传统研究相比，本研究没有拘泥于某项单独的创业行为，克服了针对创业行为局部研究难以摆脱的困局，而是从整体层面考察新企业生成的过程特征，得出有价值的研究发现，验证了创业行为的时间动态特征及规律。第三，基于关键要素的视角揭示了创业行为的选择与决策机制。尽管学者们认识到基于创业者与创业机会两大要素可能共同塑造、改变、影响创业行为的选择与决策，然而这一主题理论与实证研究仍相对缺乏。本文以创业者、创业机会两大关键要素的互动匹配性为切入点，探讨了创业行为发生的原因及作用机制，与以往相比，本研究内容更为充实而深刻，有助于提升研究成果对创业行为及绩效的解释和预测能力，并为后续工作提供证据与支持，具有启发性价值与意义。本研究的结构安排如下：第一章，绪论。阐述了研究背景、研究问题以及研究意义，介绍了研究内容和研究方法，并且从总体上归纳出论文研究过程和框架体系。第二章，文献综述。对研究依托的理论基础和相关研究成果进行系统地梳理和评述，识别已有研究的不足及可能的拓展方向，导出本研究的问题。第三章，理论假设与模型构建。对本研究的主要概念进行界定，提出具体的研究假设，并从理论层面推导本文的研究模型。第四章，研究设计与方法。重点介绍本研究所依托的宝贵的数据来源――CPSED的问卷设计与数据收集过程，汇报主要研究变量的选取及测量方式、数据统计分析方法等。第五章，实证分析与结果。本章详细汇报数据分析的结果，包括描述性统计分析、因子分析、多元回归分析等，并对假设检验结果给予相应的解释与讨论。第六章，结论与展望。总结与概括主要结论与关键发现，提炼创新点，明确理论贡献与实践启示，指出存在的不足和未来的研究展望。
英文摘要：	Based on the forefront of corporate life cycle, focus on how to build and nurture the new ventures with high growth potential during gestation stage, which has been concerned by scholars and business leaders. Mainstream view of entrepreneurship research, constrained from resources, time and energy, entrepreneurial behavior has become the driving force to the new venture creation, which is helpful to get rid of the survival pressure, benefit to business growth; and then, “why and how to effectively carry out entrepreneurial behavior” is the golden key to reveal the mechanisms of nascent business survival and growth, to describe the essential characteristics of entrepreneurial process. This study focuses on the unique stage of new venture creation, takes nascent businesses in gestation period as research target, and combines complexity science theory, human capital theory, and innovation theory etc. as the theoretical base. From micro level, this study deeply discusses the drivers and outcomes of entrepreneurial behaviors with the temporal dynamic patterns, explores how entrepreneurs’ prior experiences and entrepreneurial opportunities are embedded in entrepreneurial behaviors, and then promote performance. This paper relies on Chinese Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics (CPSED), 321 valid samples of nascent businesses have been got to do empirical examinations to test the research hypotheses, using hierarchical regression analysis, analysis of moderator effect, etc. With the theoretical development and quantitative analysis, foundings from this study can be showed as follows: Firstly, Entrepreneurial behaviors with the temporal dynamic patterns are important influencing factors of entrepreneurial performance. This study draws on two temporal parameters including rate and concentration from complexity science to explore the temporal dynamics in new venture creation. This study finds that rate and performance are shown inverted U-shaped relationship; a lower concentration of entrepreneurial behaviors is associated with the higher likelihood of performance. This study concludes that the appropriate speed is important, what’ more, evenly and steady wins the race, which drives the emergence and growth. Secondly, entrepreneurs’ prior experiences influence entrepreneurial behaviors. The results show that prior entrepreneurial experience is positively associated with concentration of behaviors, while prior industrial experience is negatively associated with concentration of behaviors. This study finds that entrepreneurs make decision and choice of behaviors based on their prior experiences. Thirdly, the innovativeness of entrepreneurial opportunity influences entrepreneurial behaviors. The results show that product innovation and technological innovation are negatively related to the rate of entrepreneurial behaviors; in addition, technological innovation and market innovation are negatively related to the concentration of behaviors. Lastly, Entrepreneurial behaviors are the interactive effects of entrepreneurs’ prior experience and entrepreneurial opportunity. The results show that: the higher of entrepreneurs’ education, the negative effect between product innovation and concentration is much stronger; the higher of entrepreneurs’ entrepreneurial experience, the negative effect between market innovation and concentration is much stronger; the higher of entrepreneurs’ industrial experience, the negative effect between product innovation and concentration is much stronger. Considering the matching relationship of entrepreneurs and opportunity is helpful to manage entrepreneurial behaviors and then improve entrepreneurial performance. The contributions of this study are showed as follows. First of all, this study focuses on the unique stage of gestation period, obtains the longitudinal and reliable information through the dataset from Chinese Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics, and then explores the antecedents and consequences of entrepreneurial behaviors with the temporal dynamic patterns. This study contributes to the research on new venture creation. Secondly, concerned on the general entrepreneurial process, this study tests the temporal dynamic characteristics of entrepreneurial behaviors in new venture creation. Compared with the traditional research, this study doesn’t rigidly adhere to some particular or the internal relationships of entrepreneurial behaviors, overcome the dilemma of recent research on entrepreneurial behaviors. Thirdly, based on the interactive view of the critical elements, this study explores the choice of entrepreneurial behaviors. This topic is under theorized, in this study, entrepreneurs and opportunity are as the starting points to discuss the entrepreneurial behaviors and performance, which will implicate the future research to deeply explore the relationships of key indigents during new venture creation. The structure of the study is showed as follows. Chapter one is introduction. It expounds the study context, research questions and the implications, introduces the contents and methods of this study, and presents the research process and overall structure. Chapter two is literature review. It reviews the related theories, comments on the logic clues and key issues, and lays the theoretical foundations of the study. Chapter three is theory and hypotheses. It defines the core concepts of the study, proposes research hypotheses and theoretical model development. Chapter four is research design and methodology. It reports dataset of CPSED including the questionnaire development and collection process, describes the variable measurement and statistical analysis method. Chapter five is empirical analysis and results. It reports the results of data analysis, such as description analysis, factor analysis, hierarchical regression analysis to test the theoretical hypotheses; it presents and discusses the analysis results. Chapter six is conclusion. It summarizes the conclusions and theoretical contribution derived from this study, in addition, it points out the research limitations and future directions.
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