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论文编号：	4222
作者编号：	2120102279
上传时间：	2012/6/5 20:56:27
中文题目：	跨国企业海外研发区位选择策略研究
英文题目：	Research on Location Choice Policies of Overseas R&D of Multinational Corporations
指导老师：	于斌
中文关键字：	跨国企业 海外研发 区位选择策略
英文关键字：	Multinational Corporations Overseas R&D Location Choice Polices
中文摘要：	跨国企业海外研发活动成为跨国企业全球化布局、增强企业国际竞争力的重要组成部分。研发国际化成为继贸易全球化、世界经济一体化后又一重要的发展趋势。跨国企业海外研发活动的发展离不开理论的指导，本文从跨国企业海外研发动因理论、海外投资引力理论和区位选择理论三个角度对跨国企业R&D全球化理论进行了梳理。在对跨国企业海外研发历程和现状进行分析的基础上，总结出以下特点：跨国企业海外研发投资额越来越大，研发投资行业主要集中在汽车及零部件、制药和生物技术、软件和计算机服务、电子和电器设备行业；美国、欧洲和日本研发大三角仍然是全球研发中心，但是随着中国、印度等发展中国家的加入，研发活动呈现出分散化和全球化的特点。跨国企业海外研发投资的动因多而复杂，国内外学者因研究角度的不同而对投资动因进行了不同的划分。中国已经成为跨国企业海外研发投资的热点地区之一，因而有必要对我国研发投资区位现状进行系统阐述。从中国国内研发投入情况、外商在华研发投资情况分析得出影响跨国企业研发投资区位选择的因素总共有三类：一是市场因素，包括市场规模、市场渗透水平；二是科研环境，包括科研水平、科研人力资源以及与研发相关的基础设施条件；三是政策与文化背景，包括知识产权保护政策、文化差异。跨国企业设立海外研发机构是服从企业整体战略的，根据企业不同的战略意图本文将跨国企业海外研发区位选择策略划分为：生产支撑型、市场导向型、资源寻求型和技术获取型。企业战略意图的不同，各影响因素对企业策略的影响程度也不同。跨国企业作为研发主体，在海外研发区位选择过程中注重东道国的区位因素，加强高科技人才的使用和培养，深入与东道国企业、高校和科研机构的技术合作，明确企业策略和市场定位。
英文摘要：	Overseas R&D activities of Multinational Corporations (MNCs) have been an important part of globalization layout of MNCs to enhance enterprise international competition ability. R&D internationalization has become another development trend after the economic internationalization and the integration of the world economy. The development of location choice of overseas R&D is inseparable from the development of theoretical guidance. This thesis introduces location choice of overseas R&D theories form three angles: overseas R&D motivation theory, overseas R&D investment gravitation theory and location choice theory. Analyzing the development history of location choice of overseas R&D and present situation, this thesis points out that the value of R&D investment is increasing; the industries mainly concentrate in the auto and auto parts, pharmaceutical and biotechnology, software and computer services, electronic and electrical equipment industry; US, Europe and Japan are still the global R&D centers; however, China, India and other developing countries also join in the R&D activities, the R&D activities shows the characteristics of diversification and globalization. The motivations of overseas R&D are multiple and complex, the scholars at home and abroad have different divisions from different visual angles. China has become one of the hot spots, so it is necessary to introduce the situation of location choice of R&D investment. According to the situation of R&D investment in China including the China and multinational corporations, this thesis summarizes that there are three kinds of factors which influence the location choice: market factors, including market scale and market penetration level; R&D environment, including the research level, the R&D human resources and infrastructure condition related to R&D; policies and culture background, including intellectual property right polices, cultural diversity. Where and how to set up overseas R&D institution obeys the company’s overall strategy. This thesis divides the location choice policies into production support policy, market oriented policy, resource-seeking policy and technology acquisition policy. According to different polices, each factor has different influence on multinational companies. As the main body of R&D, multinational companies should pay attention to the location factors of host countries, deepen the training and utility on the R&D talents and cooperate with the enterprises, universities and R&D institutions from host countries, definitude the company’s policies and market position.
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