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论文编号：	3943
作者编号：	1120050912
上传时间：	2011/12/8 13:16:05
中文题目：	基于产业集群视角的竞争优势驱动因素研究
英文题目：	A Study on the Factors Affecting Competitive Advantage from the Industry Cluster Perspective
指导老师：	王迎军
中文关键字：	产业群聚、供应链伙伴关系、动态能力、信息科技整合能力、竞争优势
英文关键字：	industry clusters, supply chain partnership, dynamic capability, information technology integtatin capability, competitive advantage
中文摘要：	现今的企业处于环境快速变迁且制造技术不断改变的竞争产业中，企业渐体认到须与供应链伙伴密切合作，透过与伙伴之间有效整合彼此优势，才能在最短的时间响应顾客的需求，所以企业经营的观念已从过去的内部整合扩展至外部整合，上下游产生交集形成密切的整合。在如此发展快速的竞争环境中，唯有透过产业群聚的厂商集结力量，才能与供应伙伴间建立坚实的合作关系，以追求企业的获利基础，另外加上产业处在动荡的动态能力中，时时面对竞争对手的挑战，从新产品的研发、服务水平的提升、企业知识的增长，所以利用群聚(cluster)的观念可以使我们更加了解产业结构的进步与扩张，此外，可以利用产业群聚的观念来决定未来产业的成长区域，并利用此优势建构强大的竞争优势。企业在供应链上寻求与其上下游的厂商分工合作，建立优势的供应链，渐渐形成一种依赖很深的伙伴关系，企业藉此与其它组织相互分享信息及生产程序，形成伙伴之间双赢的经营型态。而伙伴关系关键的成功因素为如信任、沟通及承诺等，本研究以此三个变量衡量其与产业群聚的关系，并且也着重信息科技整合能力运用在供应链体系管理上，因为信息科技会造成产业结构的改变，可以有效的降低企业的经营成本，提供差异化服务，同时企业可以运用信息科技改良制成与质量，创新产品、改变竞争结构，运用信息科技也可以对潜在竞争者建立进入障碍。依据过去国内、外学者的研究结果显示，企业处在愈动荡且高度竞争的环境，其竞争能力愈强，然而以往的研究有关动态能力与产业群聚的论述较少着墨，所以本研究以动态能力理论为基础，探讨产业群聚对伙伴关系、信息科技整合能力的关系以及对竞争优势的影响程度，建立创新的研究架构，同时采用适当的评量工具，经由严谨的问卷设计，以台湾制造业为调查对象，检验制造商之供应链管理体系在动态环境下，由于产业群聚所带来的影响，并分析身处动态能力下其对竞争优势的影响。本研究透过产业群聚、伙伴关系、动态能力、信息科技整合能力与竞争优势等五项构念，本研究共发展出十大项相关假设以进行检验。在样本选取方面，本研究从天下杂志2010年台湾地区制造业排名500大的数据库中，以各企业的高阶领导人为问卷对象，总共发送问卷500份，统计回收89份，回收率17.8%。本研究以探索性与验证性因素分析等方法来检验研究构念中相关的信效度，并进一步以结构方程模式PLS分析工具为主；统计软件SPSS 12.0为辅的方式来进行假设的验证。研究结果显示产业群聚对伙伴关系有正向显着关系，与动态能力之间亦有显着关系存在，供应链厂商亦非常着重信息科技整合能力与产业群聚间有正向显着关系；而供应链伙伴关系、信息科技整合能力对动态能力之间亦有显着影响，本研究发现制造业的竞争优势来自于产业群聚的上下游厂商间具有良好互信的基础，且厂商间互相重视资源共享与承诺，而透过信息科技使得供货商、零售商、与企业的内外部资源结合在一起，信息科技整合能力可以说明供应链的管理更有效率，研究发现产业群聚与信息科技整合能力间有正向显着关系，即验证了供应厂商依赖信息科技的程度甚深，所以供应链管理之所以成功最重要的因素在于厂商间和谐信任的合作，纵使在动态的内外部环境下，仍可凭卓越的信息整合能力及伙伴关系，克服地理、空间限制创造持久性的竞争优势。最后研究发现制造业的产业群聚、供应链伙伴关系与信息科技整合能力对竞争优势无显着的影响。经本研究中介效果分析，发现产业群聚、供应链伙伴关系与信息科技整合能力必须透过中介变项动态能力才能对竞争优势产生影响，这也是本研究最为珍贵的研究价值所在。在全球运筹的分工产销模式下，台湾制造商强调利用群聚力量运用信息科技整合能力加强供应链伙伴关系的培养，以增强供应链的动态能力进而提升竞争力，亦是本研究的重要研究核心。
英文摘要：	Today, enterprises are facing a rapidly changing business environment where manufacturing technologies are consistently evolving in a competitive industry. Firms have gradually realized the need to work closely with partners, and, through the effective integration of each supply chain partners’ advantage, respond to customer demand in the shortest amount of time. The concept of business operations has progressed from internal integration to external integration; upstream and downstream have formed a close integration. In such a fast-growing competitive environment, only combining the powers of all manufacturers in industry clustering can build strong supply partnerships on the basis of pursuing profit. Additionally, industries are experiencing unstable dynamic capabilities, always facing the challenge of competition. Everything from new product development to improving customer service standards, enhancing the growth of business knowledge, and strengthening human resources, etc. are subject to external and internal challenges, so using the cluster concept can allows us to better understand the progress and expansion of the industrial structure. Furthermore, the concept of industry clusters can be used to determine future industry growth areas and build a strong competitive advantage. Firms will search upstream and downstream in the supply chain for firms to cooperate with and establish an advantageous supply chain that will develop into a partnership built on a dependent relationship. Enterprises can use that to exchange information and production programs with other organizations to form a win-win relationship between partners. The critical success factors for successful partnerships include trust, communication and commitment. This study will look at the relationship between these three variables and industry clusters and also focus on the use of information technology integration in a supply chain management system, since information technology industry will change industry structure, and can effectively reduce operating costs and provide differentiated services. Enterprises can also use information technology to improve production and quality, innovate, change the competitive structure, and potentially create entry barriers for competitors. Based on the research of past domestic and foreign scholars, the more volatile and competitive the environment, the stronger is an enterprise’s competitiveness. However, previous researches focus less on dynamic capabilities and industry clusters, so this study will be based on the dynamic capability theory to discuss industry clusters and partnerships, as well as the relationship and the degree of influence of information technology integration capability on a competitive advantage. This study establishes an innovative research framework and uses appropriate assessment tools, and through rigorous questionnaires designed to survey Taiwanese manufacturers and inspection of manufacturers’ supply chain management systems in a dynamic environment, will analyze dynamic capabilities under the impact of competitive advantages due to the impacts of industrial clusters. This study developed a total of ten hypotheses to be tested based on five constructs: industry clusters, partnerships, dynamic capabilities, ability to integrate information technology and competitive advantage. In terms of sample selection, the recipients of the questionnaires were executives of manufacturing companies listed in the 2010 Commonwealth Magazine top 500 manufacturing company database. A total of 500 questionnaires were sent, a total of 89 were recovered with the recovery rate of 17.8%. This study uses exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and other methods to test the research constructs in relevant reliability and validity, and further employs structural equation modeling PLS analysis tools; statistical software SPSS 12.0 is supplemental for verifying hypotheses. The results showed that industry clusters have a significant positive relationship with supply chain partnerships, and significant relationship with dynamic capabilities; supply chain partnerships and information technology integration capability have a significant impact on dynamic capabilities. This study found that the competitive advantage of manufacturers come from a basis of mutual trust between the upstream and downstream firms in industry clusters. Furthermore, emphasis on resource sharing and mutual commitment between firms and commitment, and, through information technology, enablement of the combination of external and internal resources of suppliers and retailers, will make supply chain management more efficient through information technology integration capability. Study found that industry cluster and the ability to integrate information technology has a positive significant relationship, thus verifying that suppliers rely heavily on information technology. Therefore, the most important factor in successful supply chain management is harmonious cooperation and trust between firms. Even in a dynamic external environment, firms can still, with superior information integration capabilities and partner relationship, overcome geographical and time constraints and create a sustainable competitive advantage. Finally, the study found that in manufacturing, industry cluster, supply chain partnership and the information technology integtatin capability have no significant impact on competitive advantage.The analysis of the results found that industry clusters, supply chain partnership and the information technology integtatin capability can only impact competitive advantage through an mediating variable dynamic capability, and that is where the most precious research value in this study lies. Under the mode of production of marketing in global logistics, Taiwanese manufacturers emphasize exploiting clusters and using information technology integration ability to strengthen the development of supply chain partner relationship, thus enhancing a supply chain’s dynamic capabilities and increase its competitive advantage. This finding is also an important research core of this study. The results of this study can also be applied to other industries as a reference for management strategies, or can even be the basis for a novel theory.
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