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论文编号：	3920
作者编号：	1120080723
上传时间：	2011/12/6 23:14:38
中文题目：	制造企业创新绩效的来源与影响要素-基于与生产性服务业组织互动的研究
英文题目：	Influential Factors and Effects on Manufacturer’s Innovative Performance: An Empirical Research Based on the Interactions with Producer Service
指导老师：	任学锋
中文关键字：	生产性服务业，知识整合，创新绩效，知识特性，政策环境宽松性
英文关键字：	Producer service, Innovative performance, Knowledge integration, Characteristics of knowledge, Institutional environment
中文摘要：	随着人类社会由工业化迈向后工业化时代，经济发展的方式也由工业经济向知识经济转变，制造业升级成为一项重要的战略任务。为克服自身资源与能力的缺陷，制造业开展与生产性服务业的合作，成为提升自身能力并获得竞争优势的有效途径；双方合作中产生的新知识对制造业创新绩效的提升作用，也是产业协同发展下对制造业升级的重要逻辑解释。因此，识别双方合作过程中的知识整合对于制造业创新绩效形成的作用机制，探究影响创新过程中的交互行为与知识整合效果的情境因素，成为学界和实践界共同关注的问题。 基于此，本研究选择组织微观层面，基于制造企业的视角，在对经济发展进程中制造业与生产性服务业总体关系回顾的基础上，进一步结合创新理论、知识管理理论和制度理论，探究双方合作创新中的互动行为、知识整合与制造企业创新绩效之间的作用关系，并考察了政策环境及知识特性对于创新活动的具体影响。本研究利用156份有效问卷，采用因子分析和多元回归等统计方法对相关假设进行实证检验，主要发现和结论如下： 第一，制造企业与生产性服务业组织的合作中，双方的知识整合提升了制造企业的创新绩效。合作创新过程中的知识整合，是双方围绕着创新而展开知识管理活动的核心内容。整合后的知识具体作用于制造企业的创新过程绩效与创新产出绩效两个维度。这一发现有助于深入理解制造业能力升级的具体内涵。同时，合作中的知识整合区别以往对于知识单向转移的理解。知识整合是跨组织知识管理过程中最重要的阶段，有效的知识整合也是双方知识管理活动的最终目标。 第二，制造企业与生产性服务业组织的合作中，双方团队及成员间围绕着创新而产生的任务性与社会性的交互行为，有助于知识的交流并减少合作中的不确定性，有助于合作的顺利展开及目标的达成。本研究针对双方合作中的互动，引入组织行为及前人相关研究中对于互动行为的维度划分，构建了创新交互行为与知识整合效果间关联作用的理论模型，考察创新交互行为对于知识整合效果的具体作用。研究发现，基于任务性和社会性的交互的行为总体上对双方的知识整合具有积极的作用。 第三，在跨组织的知识管理活动中，知识特性不仅是对知识本体特征的反映，而且还具有其管理性特征。知识特性是双方合作的可行性、高效率与成功的基础。本研究在构建创新交互行为与知识整合关系的主效应关联模型基础上，将知识特性作为影响创新交互行为与知识整合的情境变量。研究发现，知识特性在创新交互行为与知识整合效果之间具有调节作用。但与以往的研究发现不同，知识显性化程度在任务性与社会性的交互行为与知识整合效果之间，并非一直存在着正向调节的作用。相反，当知识具有较高显性化水平的时候，合作双方的互动程度和积极性会被削弱；而知识的互补性则正向调节了基于任务性和社会性的创新交互行为与知识整合效果。知识型员工对互补性知识的获取，成为其行动的重要驱动因素，并影响了知识整合的效果。 第四，研究检验了政策环境对于创新交互行为与知识整合的影响。经济领域公共政策的一个基本职能是，激励创新行为并将创造的潜能转化为财富获得的现实，通过组织和个人的创新活动推动整个社会经济的发展。并且，政策通过对行为的规范，减少环境和组织合作中的不确定因素。研究发现，宽松的政策环境，对于任务性的交互行为和社会性的交互行为与知识整合之间的作用并非同样显著。在社会性的交互行为与知识整合效果之间，宽松的政策环境并未显示出显著的作用。这一发现，对于政府及政策制定者具有一定的启示。除了正式的政策以外，创新活动的推动与创新成果的产生还需要创新文化和创新氛围等软性因素构建作为支撑。 论文的研究价值与创新之处体现在以下三个方面：第一，以往关于制造业与生产性服务业的研究，大多从宏观的经济或产业层面阐释二者关联及资源配置等问题；而微观层面的研究则多以生产性服务业的视角展开。本研究基于制造企业的视角，在微观层面上对双方合作创新中的交互行为、知识整合与创新绩效之间的相互作用关系和影响要素进行分析，旨在识别制造企业创新能力提高的内在机理，回应了中国产业升级的研究背景和现实需要。第二，结合创新和知识管理理论，对于知识整合在创新过程中的关键作用进行识别，将知识整合与知识转移、知识接收等概念区别，并将其视为知识管理过程中最关键的阶段，突出了合作双方互动过程中的知识相互融合与系统化的作用。在此基础上，进一步对影响知识整合的行为因素进行挖掘，打破了传统研究中的行为—绩效的逻辑解释，进而对创新交互行为与知识整合之间的作用关系进行探讨，从而将合作创新中的行为管理与信息管理有机结合。第三，研究将政策环境与知识特性作为影响创新行为与知识整合效果的情境变量。对于知识特性调节作用的检验，对于企业实践者在合作伙伴的选择、创新及成功的可能性等方面提供了新的思考；而对于政策环境调节作用的考察，则检验了制度理论在中国情境下的具体应用，为政府和政策制定者提供了一定的启示。
英文摘要：	In the process of post-industrialization, the driving engine of economic development has eventually shifted from the manufacturing to the knowledge. Thus, industrial upgrading is treated as a strategic task on the top agenda especially for those developing nations. In fact, the knowledge-creation within the interactions between the producer service and the manufacturer has re-shaped the organizational competitiveness. In light of this, exploring the influential factors and the effects of knowledge-integration throughout the cooperative innovation attract the eye-balls of scholars, policy-makers and business practitioners. Especially, the micro-level business research is highly expected as a key to the black-box behind the innovative activity, by which the mechanism and practical way of industrial upgrading could be brought to the light probably. In token of the above, the research begins with literature review as a preparation of theoretical integration in order to construct a comprehensive model addressing to the knowledge management throughout the interactions between the producer service and the manufacturer. Specifically, on the basis of reviewing producer service and its role in the emergence of service economy, the study further summarizes the different perspectives of innovation theory, knowledge management theory and institution theory as the theoretical combinations and back-ups before empirical approaches. On an interactive perspective, the effects of knowledge integration upon the manufacturer’s innovative performance are examined. Particularly, the logic between cooperative interaction and knowledge integration is explored and tested. In addition, two contextual variables, i.e. the munificence of institutional environment and the characteristics of knowledge are introduced into the model, and their moderating effects upon interactive activities and knowledge integration are also examined. Based on the 156 effective questionnaires, business statistics such as factor analysis and multiple regression analysis are implemented in the empirical research. Upon the qualitative and quantitative analysis, main findings are shown as below: Firstly, the knowledge integration between the producer service and the manufacturer improves the manufacturer’s innovative performance. As the core of cross-organizational knowledge management, knowledge integration serves its role as the core as well as the target in the process of knowledge management. Different with the one-way thinking of knowledge transfer, knowledge integration requires the counterparts’ efforts bilaterally. And the knowledge integration leads to the improvements of a manufacturers’ innovative performance, which can be well defined by two dimensions, i.e. the processive capability and the innovative output. This finding is conductive to a deep understanding about the power of knowledge creation in the industrial upgrading. Secondly, the interactions between the counterparts help to increase the mutual belief and understandings whist remove the uncertainties or unsatisfactions. Based on the organizational research for reference, the study identifies the different dimensions of cross-organizational interactive behavior and further examines their effects upon the knowledge integration respectively. The findings show that the task-oriented interactions and the psychological-based interactions overall play positive effects upon the knowledge integration. Thirdly, aside from the differentiation of explicit knowledge and tacit knowledge, the study defines the characteristics of knowledge on the basis of cooperative probability and further examines their moderating effects upon the interactions and knowledge integration. In contrast to the initial hypothesis, the testing result shows that the explicit knowledge does not always play positive role in the cooperative process. On the other hand, the complementary level of knowledge does benefit the counterparts by moderating the interactions and knowledge integration positively. The above findings might build a link between the actions and the intrinsic motivations for those well-educated professionals under the logic of supplementary knowledge pursuit. Lastly, the research examines the contingency role of institutional environment especially for the effects of those formal public policies upon the innovative interactions and the knowledge integration. The findings show that the moderating effects of the institutional environment do exist but only significantly upon the task-orientated interactions and the knowledge integration. This finding suggests that the importance of soft factors, such as innovative atmosphere and culture, are highly required in support of the innovative activities and the likely expected fruits. The research commits to the contributions throughout the scientific approaches as follows. Firstly, the research addresses to the micro-level interactions between production-service and manufacturer by defining the effects upon the manufacture innovative performance. Different to the past research, this research stands on the manufacturer’s point in accordance with strategic task of industrial upgrading in China. Secondly, by combing the theories of innovation and knowledge management, this research highlights the knowledge management as a central conduct and further explores its causation and effectuation by discussing the link between interaction and knowledge integration as well as the causality between knowledge integration and innovative performance. Under this, the outstanding role of knowledge integration is stressed in the cooperative innovation process and it is also treated as an intermediary to complement the broken link between behavior and performance. Thirdly, the pro-cooperative characteristics of knowledge and the institutional environment are introduced into the research model, and their moderating effects between the interactions and knowledge integrations are also examined individually in China’s context. The former might develop a new approach in consideration of the knowledge characteristics as a judgment of the cooperative probability. For the later issue, i.e. institutional environment and its effects, the findings are expected to draw forth some constructive implications for the governments and policy-makers.
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