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论文编号：	389
作者编号：	052243
上传时间：	2008/1/8 8:38:55
中文题目：	利用经济手段缓解我国城市交通拥
英文题目：	The reaearch of using economic
指导老师：	刘建
中文关键字：	交通拥堵;城市交通;拥挤收费
英文关键字：	Traffic congestion;Urban trans
中文摘要：	近年来我国经济飞速增长，城市机动化进程加快，小汽车开始进入家庭，中国各大城市机动车保有量迅速增加，城市交通拥堵情况愈演愈烈。尽管各地近年来都加大了对城市道路基础设施的建设力度，但是道路供给速度远远无法满足机动车快速增长的需要。城市交通的可持续发展，是我国需要面对的一个严峻的问题。及时提出合理、有效的缓解城市交通拥堵的措施，对我国城市交通发展具有重要的意义。 本文在广泛收集国内外相关资料的基础上，采用经验总结、对比、定量、实验等方法，对拥挤收费这一缓解城市交通拥堵的措施进行了较为系统的研究。主要研究内容包括：利用拥挤定价和博弈论理论分析了城市交通拥堵产生的根本原因，提出了采用交通拥挤收费这一缓解我国城市交通拥堵的经济政策，同时对我国实施交通拥挤收费措施的可行性进行了分析并提出了相应面临的问题；针对拥挤收费费率制定问题，本文通过Vissim交通仿真软件对交通拥挤收费费率的制定进行了尝试性的研究；对我国采用交通拥挤收费措施提出了具体的实施策略和实施建议。 本文的创新性体现为：通过利用经济学原理解析交通拥堵产生的原因，揭示了在研究城市交通问题时应更多地引入经济学方法；对出行者所需承担的一般性费用与货币换算进行了研究；采用了交通仿真软件模拟了实施道路拥挤收费对道路网络中车流量的影响。 本文在分析计算出行者一般性费用与货币换算的问题时，因受资料及研究时间的限制，虽然进行了定量分析，但是结果的精确程度受到一定影响，但本文比较客观准确地建立了出行者一般性费用与货币之间的线性关系，同时首次将交通仿真软件引入到交通拥挤收费这一研究领域，为研究交通拥挤收费开辟了新的研究空间。
英文摘要：	Nowadays, the economy of our country growth with a high speed, at the same time the level of city motorization also growing fast, more and more family own private cars. As the quantity of vehicles get a tremendous growth, urban transportation, especially the road network getting more congestion. Although urban governments raise more funds to reinforce the urban transportation construction in recent years, the supplement of road network is far behind the demand. How to maintain the urban transportation growing healthy and steady is a serious problem to us. Finding a correct way to release the pressure to the urban transportation system is important to the development of the urban transportation. Based on the materials home and abroad, by ways of contrast, numeric, and examples, this paper focused on congestion pricing——an economical method that can improve the urban transportation environment. The contents mainly include: analyzing the oriental of traffic congestion base on the congestion price theory and the game theory; announced congestion pricing is a correct way to solve the problem; analyze the possibility of using congestion pricing in China and the problems that will encountered; studied on how to calculate the price by using the traffic simulation software-Vissim; make the suggestion of tactics and advice about how to put congestion pricing into effect. Innovations in this paper are: emphasis economic ways should be used when doing the research of urban traffic; study on general cost and research of exchanging it to currency; using traffic simulation software to study the impaction between the price and the volume. During the research of exchanging the general cost to currency, the precision of conclusion is reduced because of shorten information and time, but this paper founded a linearity relation between the general cost and currency. Also, the traffic simulation software opens up a new space for studying on congestion pricing.
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