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论文编号：	3727
作者编号：	2120092784
上传时间：	2011/11/24 0:18:21
中文题目：	企业反外包战略的研究-以CM事业部为例
英文题目：	The Research of Reverse outsourcing strategy for Enterprise-Case of CM Business Division
指导老师：	李亚
中文关键字：	纵向化战略，反外包，核心竞争力，CM事业部
英文关键字：	Vertical strategy, Reverse outsourcing, Core competence , CM business division
中文摘要：	企业在生存和发展的过程中，有效战略方式的选择至关重要。进入二十一世纪后，为了适应经济全球化和国际化分工的需要,同时降低企业成本，增强企业对环境的应变能力，资源外包成为了许多企业争之采用的战略发展模式。虽然有诸多优点，可是由于供应商市场的不完美，资源外包的战略模式也面临着各种各样的风险，如核心技能的丧失、对资源供应者的失去控制以及地域环境的差异给企业带来的不利影响。NTL、凯玛特等众多商业巨头就是在战略选择中迷失了方向，没有量体裁衣，最终尝到了资源外包带来的恶果。在此状况下，纵向战略方面的选择，即企业的资源获取方式是外包还是自制，成为了许多企业关注的课题。在以上背景下本研究基于以下几点提出研究课题：1.企业战略的选择要与企业自身的特点相匹配；2.企业在什么条件下选择外包还是反外包；3.通过反外包，在企业中重新构建新的纵向化战略模式是可以实现的；4.反外包战略的成功实施需要通过组织结构的优化和相应资源的整合来实现。 CM事业部作为一家韩国控股的海外生产基地，主要从事空调用压缩机的研发、生产和销售的经营活动。从1997年成立至今，企业取得了飞速发展。但是2008冷冻年后，在金融危机背景下，同时受气候变化、人们购买力下降等因素的影响,市场需求开始减少，加上空调企业加快了后向一体化进程，美的、格力等空调厂商纷纷扩充下属压缩机企业的产能，整个行业出现了产能过剩的情况。同时在低碳经济的趋势下，节能环保的要求也使企业面临着严峻的挑战。整个行业环境给CM事业部的发展带来了巨大的行业压力。如何进行企业的战略转型是企业面临的重大课题。本文首先通过文献法对有关纵向化战略的理论进行了研究，回顾了纵向一体化和资源外包的相关理论，以及反外包概念的一些探索，并通过案例法结合CM事业部在发展过程中纵向战略理论合理应用的的实例，分析了CM事业部调整自身战略，从资源外包到实施反外包战略的实践过程。本章对案例分析的对象CM事业部进行了简要介绍，然后运用五力模型、战略分组等相关工具分析了CM事业部所在行业的产业环境，在内部环境方面则对企业现有的资源和业务核心竞争力进行了描述。本文从外部力量的推动、行业现有模式的弊端和企业自身的原因三个方面进行了CM事业部实施反外包战略的驱动因素分析，明确了CM事业部通过对上游业务的反外包，控制了产品开发、生产的核心技能，取得产品的价格优势、质量优势和客户满意度来提升核心竞争力的战略方式，为其向后发展战略的执行提供了决策依据。 CM事业部战略决策确定后，本文分析了CM事业部反外包战略实施的内容。本文明确了企业实施企业实施反外包决策的关键因素，分析了企业业务流程的特点，通过对企业上下游经营活动的分解，选择了上游的电机业务作为反外包的对象。本文分析了CM事业部反外包的战略实施方式。企业通过“内部化”的反外包，实现了组织结构的完善和资源整合，节省了成本，提高了业务效率，更好的满足了客户的需求。由于企业自身拥有的能力和所处环境的不确定性，企业在制定和执行战略的过程中会遇到相关的阻碍并引发战略风险。为了控制风险，本文明确了企业采取的风险控制措施，包括：明确战略决策的目标、强化风险防范意识和风险识别能力、建立科学的战略风险控制体系和加强战略执行者的素质。通过企业反外包战略的选择和实施，CM事业部将能够增强企业核心竞争力的经营活动重新纳入企业内部，进行实践，在经济效益和内部经营方面都取得了明显的成果。本文通过对CM事业部反外包战略的研究得出如下结论：1.在全球化浪潮下，对各个企业而言，围绕企业的经营目标，培育和提升企业的核心竞争力成为企业取得竞争优势的重要因素，合理的战略方式的选择和运用是有效的手段；2.纵向化战略作为企业战略扩张的重要模式，在企业的战略选择和实施过程中，要与企业自身特点相匹配，做到因时而异，量体裁衣。在融合原有企业文化的情况下，进行有效的资源整合，提高企业战略实施的效率和执行能力，并且加强相应的风险控制，有利于企业经营目标的实现；3.本文分析中认为只有那些具有最强核心竞争力的企业采取资源外包的方式才能最大化的为企业创造价值。而对处于提升阶段的企业而言，对经营活动选择性的反外包可以购买企业实施战略所需的资产和技能，，有助于培育企业的核心竞争力；4.就CM事业部而言，反外包战略的实施符合其行业的特点和企业自身的需要，取得了相应的成果。但战略的实施和管理是一个长期的过程，CM事业部还要加强相应的控制。与以往的纵向化战略研究大部分所涉及的是纵向一体化和资源外包的案例相比，关于企业经营活动反外包的研究还较少，本文针对反外包方式在实践中的必要性和实施进行了分析。本文涉及的反外包战略强调了企业纵向化战略的调整方式，是一种动态的过程，体现了企业经营业务革新的思想。本文通过对CM事业部纵向化战略转型的研究，指出战略的选择和实施要与企业自身以及行业的特点相匹配，实现资源的有效整合，才能为企业带来新的生命力。对企业尤其是制造型企业进行相关战略的抉择有一定的借鉴意义。
英文摘要：	In the process of survival and development,it is very important for the enterprise to choose the effective strategy.In the 21st century, the development of economic globalization and the international division of labor is rapid. In order to Keep up with the pace，reduce the cost and to strengthen the adaptability to the environment by the application of external resources, Outsourcing becomes more popular for many enterprises. Although there are many advantages, Outsourcing also faces various risks as the supplier of the market is not perfect, such as the loss of key skills, the providers out of control and the negative impact caused by the difference of the regional environment. NTL, K-mart are typical cases. They get lost when they choose the strategy,and didn’t make decisions according to the fact. Finally they are punished by their choice. Therefore, the choice of Vertical strategy, in which the resources is outsourcing or homemade, become a keypoint for many enterprises to face. For the above issues,this paper set the theme according to the following: 1. The choice and action of the strategy need to match the characteristics of the enterprise itself . 2. The enterprise how to choose the Outsourcing or the Reverse outsourcing. 3. It is carried out easily that the new vertical strategic model is formed in the enterprise through the Reverse outsourcing. 4. The optimization of the organization and the resource integration is help to the success of the Reverse outsourcing strategy. CM Business Division is a Korea owned factory as oversea produce base. It Mainly engaged in the activities of air conditioning compressor with the development, production and sales. From in 1997, the enterprise has made rapid development.In the influence of the financial crisis, the climate and the lower people purchasing power, The market demand had begun to decrease after the Frozen years of 2008. At the same time, more and more Air-conditioning manufacturers began to expand the production capacity,such as Midea,Gree and so on. The excess capacity and the environmental protection requirements is a huge challenge to the enterprise. How to carry on the enterprise strategic transformation is a significant problem. This paper firstly researches on the Vertical strategy through literature study, reviewing the Vertical integration strategy and Outsourcing theory, and the concept of the Reverse outsourcing. Through the case study combined with the example of the reasonable application of the Vertical strategy in CM division, this paper then analyzes the process acted by CM division, adjusting its Vertical strategy from Outsourcing to Reverse outsourcing. After a briefly introduction of CM division,the paper estimate the status of external environment , which is analyzed by the analysis tools for strategic,contained Industrial strategy group、The five forces model,etc. In the internal environment of enterprise,it describe the resources and the core competence of enterprise now.Then this paper points out the reason based on external power, the disadvantages of industry and the enterprise itself. And it confirm the strategic mode how to enhance the core competence by the Reverse outsourcing strategy, which controls the core skills of products development and production, and gets the price advantage, quality advantage and customer satisfaction. It is useful for the strategic decision in the future. This paper then analyzes the implementation of the strategy in CM division. It indicate the Key factors, the characteristics of the enterprise business flow and chose the the Motor business as the object finally. This paper analyzes the strategic implementation ways. Through the "internalization", It finished the optimization of the organization and the resource integration.It is better to meet the needs of customers. Due to its own enterprise ability and environmental uncertainty, the strategic risk is exist. In order to control risk, this paper made clear the control measures, including: clear strategic decision of the target, strengthen risk consciousness and the ability to recognize the risk, and build scientific strategic risk control system and strengthen the ability of strategic executives. Through the choice and the implement of the strategy, CM business division can gain the activities enhanced the Core competence of enterprise,achieved the relevant result Through case study of the Reverse outsoursing strategy in CM division, this paper gets the following conclusions: 1. Under the trend of globalization, the Core competence of enterprise is a important factor to enterprise, the reasonable strategy is a effective mean to achieve the business objectives. 2. the choice and action of the strategy need to match the characteristics of the enterprise itself and all the industry. The fusion of enterprise culture, the resource integration and the relevant risk control are benefit to the development of the enterprise. 3. This paper point out that only those who have the strongest core competence of enterprise gain resources by the outsourcing ,can create the value for enterprises of maximum. Other enterprises can enhance the Core competence of enterprise by the Reverse outsourcing. 4. For CM division, the implementation of the Reverse outsourcing strategy is consistent with its industry characteristics and the needs of the enterprise itself.It had obtained the corresponding results.But the implementation of the strategy and management is a long-term process, CM division need to strengthened the control. It is differ from the previous study,which is most analyse the Vertical integration strategy and Outsourcing, this paper focus on the Reverse outsourcing strategy. It emphasizes the strategic adjustment of enterprise.It is a dynamic process,and show a innovation thought. Through the research of Reverse outsourcing strategy for CM division,The paper points out that the choice and action of the strategy need to match the characteristics of the enterprise itself and all the industry, The reasonable strategy for enterprises is favorable for the development of enterprise, which brings new energy. The author hopes that this paper will shed some light on the choice of strategy for some companies, especially for manufacturing companies.
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