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论文编号：	353
作者编号：	052250
上传时间：	2008/1/5 12:09:09
中文题目：	我国利率市场化改革与商业银行对
英文题目：	Research on China Interest Rat
指导老师：	肖沂
中文关键字：	利率市场化 基准利率 商业
英文关键字：	Interest rates liberalization
中文摘要：	中文摘要 利率反映借贷资金的价格，是国民经济的重要变量，只有市场化的利率才能够真正反映货币市场的供求。作为经济学中这样一个重要的金融变量，几乎所有的金融现象、金融资产均与利率有着或多或少的联系。当前，世界各国频繁运用利率杠杆实施宏观调控，利率政策已成为各国中央银行调控货币供求，进而调控经济的主要手段，利率政策在中央银行货币政策中的地位越来越重要。合理的利率，对发挥社会信用和利率的经济杠杆作用有着重要的意义。 利率市场化是指金融机构在货币市场经营融资的利率水平由市场供求来决定，它包括利率决定、利率传导、利率结构和利率管理的市场化。实际上就是将利率的决策权交给金融机构，由金融机构自己根据资金状况和对金融市场动向的判断来自主调节利率水平，最终形成以中央银行基准利率为基础，以货币市场利率为中介，由市场供求决定金融机构存贷款利率的市场利率体系和利率形成机制。我国自1992年开始尝试利率市场化，经过十多年的努力，已经初步放开了银行间同业拆借利率、银行间债券回购利率、国债发行利率、外币贷款利率等119种，人民银行尚管理的本外币利率种类有29种。在利率的波动幅度方面也放松了管制，增大了利率波动幅度区间，对利率体系也进行了或多或少的调整，中央银行的利率体系趋于规范。我国的利率市场化改革虽然取得了相当大的进展，但是利率市场化的实现需要一定的宏观和微观条件，还无法在短时间内完成。 当今世界经济自由化、一体化已是大势所趋。发达国家和一些发展中国家在上世纪70年代末至80年代初都相继完成了利率市场化进程，中国作为一个已加入WTO的全球最大、经济发展最活跃的发展中国家，利率市场化刻不容缓，但应该以谨慎稳健为原则，汲取成功的经验、失败的教训。文中通过对美国、日本和韩国利率市场化改革的渐进改革模式的规律性进行比较和分析，总结了改革的经验并予以借鉴。 随着我国金融对外开放程度的不断提高，我国的银行业将面临进一步开放和市场化的挑战。作为金融市场核心工具的利率必然市场化，从而起到调节资金供求，规范竞争的作用。我国商业银行，特别是国有商业银行，长期以来受国家政策影响较大，已经习惯在国家政策范围内经营，虽然进行了一系列改革，但是还没有真正形成完善的市场机制和相应的管理机制。利率市场化必然对商业银行外部环境、经营以及金融工具、产品和服务等方面产生巨大的影响。在这其中既有有利的一面，也面临着风险。因此，商业银行必须在利率市场化的改革进程中，扬长避短，及时对商业银行经营策略、经营宗旨、经营组织等作出一系列的调整，以进一步完善和健全内控制度，提高化解风险的能力，扩大新的利润增长点，来适应利率市场化趋势。 本文回顾了我国利率市场化的进程，对我国利率市场化的现状进行总结，分析了利率市场化所采取的方式，并对利率市场化的核心——基准利率的选择与确立提出了建议。在此基础之上，本文揭示了处于利率市场化变革之中的我国商业银行所需要具备的客观环境以及面临的风险，提出了我国商业银行在业务经营和管理方面的应对策略。 关键词：利率市场化 基准利率 商业银行 利率风险
英文摘要：	Abstract The interest rate reflects loan fund's price, is the important variable of national economy, only the marketability interest rate can reflect the money market supply and demand. The interest rates liberalization refers to financing interest rate level decided by the market supply and demand, it including interest rate decision, interest rate conduction, rate structure and interest rate management marketability. In fact, it means to give the interest rate decision-making power to financial organ. Financial organ adjust interest rate level according to the money market trend. Finally, market rate system will be founded. From 1992, our country started the interest rates liberalization, passed through more than ten years endeavor, 119 kinds of rates was decided by market. 29 kinds of rates are still under control of center bank. Although our country's interest rates liberalization reform has made the quite big progress, but because the interest rates liberalization realizes needs certain macroscopic and the microscopic condition, and is unable to complete in a short time. The article summarized the interest rates liberalization experience of US, Japan and South Korea and uses it for reference. Along with our country finance opening to the outside world, our country's banking industry will face further opens and the marketability challenge. As the financial market core method, interest rate faces the marketability inevitably, thus plays the buffer fund supply and demand, standard competition role. Our country Commercial bank, specially the state-owned Commercial bank, was already familiar with the national policy, although has carried on a series of reforms, but did not form the perfect market mechanism and the corresponding management mechanism. The interest rates liberalization inevitably affects Commercial bank external environment, management as well as financial instruments, product and service. These already have advantageous one side, also has disadvantageous one side. Therefore, the Commercial bank must, in the interest rates liberalization reform process, enhance strong points and avoid weaknesses, manages the strategy, the management objective, the operation scheme to the Commercial bank and to make a series of adjustments promptly, to further perfect internal control system, enhances the melt risk ability, expands the new profit point of growth, adapts the interest rates liberalization tendency. This paper reviewed our country interest rates liberalization advancement, carries on the summary to our country interest rates liberalization's present situation, has analyzed the way which the interest rates liberalization adopts, and put forward the proposal to interest rates liberalization's core - - ruling rate of interest choice and the establishment. Above this foundation, this paper summarized objective environment and the risk faces by Commercial bank, and proposed strategy to our country Commercial bank in the management and operation aspect. Key word: Interest rates liberalization Ruling Rate of Interest Commercial bank， Rate Risk
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