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论文编号：	3514
作者编号：	1120050726
上传时间：	2011/6/20 12:08:21
中文题目：	公安交警工作压力与工作倦怠研究
英文题目：	The Research of Traffic Police’s Job Stress and Job Burnout
指导老师：	李新建　教授
中文关键字：	关键词：交通警察；职业压力；角色压力；工作倦怠
英文关键字：	Keyword: traffic policeman, occupational stress, role stress, work burnout
中文摘要：	中文摘要 本研究以公安交警心理健康的现实问题为逻辑起点，通过对公安交警工作压力特殊性、系统性和影响性三方面，论证了公安交警工作压力与工作倦怠是具有研究价值的理论命题。为此本研究以公安交警职业压力源、角色压力源和工作倦怠作为研究变量，利用理论演绎、个案访谈和实证研究等多种研究方法，研究并形成了公安交警工作压力源与工作倦怠之间的理论与实证关系，并基于此提出本研究的主要结论。文章分为六章来讨论上述问题，具体包括如下内容。 本研究首先对工作压力、工作倦怠和警察工作压力进行了相关研究综述。不同学者对工作压力的定义分别从刺激、反应以及刺激-反应三个角度展开，因此本研究认为工作压力是因外部刺激而产生的个体-工作环境交互作用，它是包含了压力源、压力评价和压力反应的概念结构。工作倦怠是一种组织行为、对组织的态度和包含生理健康成分的多层次压力反应，并且主要包括了情绪耗竭、去人性化和个人成就感降低三个维度。本研究同时对工作压力模型、工作倦怠模型、警察压力研究现状做了回顾与评述，并从中发现了很多具有价值的研究线索。 其次，本研究对公安交警的职业压力源进行了理论演绎与个案访谈式分析，研究认为公安交警的职业压力源分为物理环境压力源、关键事件暴露压力源、公众环境压力源、工作特征压力源和组织特征压力源等几个方面。噪声、尾气、气候、沙尘、热污染与光污染等构成了公安交警的物理环境压力源；个人经历的、目睹的或将要面对的事件构成了关键事件暴露压力；社会心理失秩形成的公众不合理期待和舆论、不良的执法环境则构成公众环境压力源；情绪性劳动、工作单调性、工作不均衡性和工作应急性构成了工作特征压力源；职业晋升标准隐性化、绩效考核的层级性和结果性、人际关系等则构成了组织环境压力源。本研究分别利用数据、事实、访谈记录等对上述压力源进行了论述。 再次，本文阐述了结构角色理论、过程角色理论以及角色压力过程模型和情景模型等理论工具，并以角色冲突、角色模糊和角色超载三维度作为公安交警角色压力源进行了深度剖析。角色冲突压力源包括表现与收敛的角色冲突、执法者与服务者的角色冲突、工作与家庭平衡的角色冲突以及组织要求与公众需求的角色冲突；角色模糊压力源则包括特权与公仆的定位模糊、标准化与特殊主义的定位模糊以及角色执行模糊；角色超载则主要包括定性角色超载和定量角色超载两方面。 同时，本研究对职业压力源、角色压力源与工作倦怠之间的关系进行了理论梳理、逻辑演绎和实证分析回顾，并对它们之间的关系提出了研究假设，并着重在第六章进行实证研究。本部分认为职业压力源是造成交警工作压力的重要原因，但部分职业压力源是通过角色压力的内化过程作用于工作倦怠的三个维度，但有些职业压力源会直接作用于工作倦怠而不需要角色压力源的中介作用，因此本研究也提出了部分角色压力源能够起到中介作用的研究假设。 在实证研究部分，本研究共发放有效问卷数量为199份。通过单因素ANOVA分析，本研究发现职业种类、职龄、岗龄和职级等职位特征，对于公安交警职业压力源和角色压力源都有显著影响，而个人年龄和学历等特征则没有显著影响。通过多层次回归，本研究分析总结了情绪耗竭、去人性化和个人成就感降低各自的压力源影响因素。同时角色冲突、角色模糊和角色超载的确能够在部分职业压力源和工作倦怠之间起到中介作用。本文也通过线性回归发现了工作倦怠与工作满意度之间的关系。 最后本研究提出了研究结论，从应对职业压力源、应对角色压力源和应对工作倦怠感三方面为公安交警组织提出了研究启示，同时本研究提出了三个未来研究方向，分别是：多样化的样本以形成比较研究纵贯研究、以发现动态的因果互动关系和以行动研究来解决实际问题。本研究有三方面的创新点，分别是：本研究通过多种研究方法，创造性地将理论、数据、事实和实证分析相结合，分析得出了公安交警压力源的系统构成；本研究以工作倦怠作为压力反应的主要特征，进而采纳了有组织的、演化的视角来看待公安交警的心理健康问题；最后本研究探索出交警的工作压力模式，并成为一个重要的理论创新。
英文摘要：	Abstract Starting from the actual issue of traffic policeman’s psychological health, this study demonstrates that the problem of work-related stress of traffic policeman is of great worth of researching via arguing that this problem is special and systematic as well as has great influences on the health and performance of them. Therefore, focusing on the occupational and role stressors and work burnout, this study provides analyses and summary concerning the theoretical and empirical relationship between work stressors and work burnout of traffic policeman, by means of theory deduction, interviews, and empirical research, based on which conclusions of this study is drawn. The whole paper is divided into six chapters and includes the following details. Firstly, this study reviews relevant researches concerning work-related stress, work burnout and work-related stress of policeman. As different researchers define work-related stress from the perspectives of stimulus, response, and stimulus-response, respectively, this study believes that work-related stress is an interactive effect of internal and external stimuli on individuals and has a conceptual structure that contains stressor, stress evaluation and stress response. Work burnout, which is an organizational behavior and a multi-level stress response to the attitude of an organization and the physiological health of an individual, contains three dimensions, i.e. emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and diminished personal accomplishment. This study also presents a review and assessment of the work-related stress model, work burnout model and the researches on stress of policeman. Secondly, this study offers theoretical deduction and interview analyses of the occupational stressors of traffic policeman, and categorizes this kind of stressor into physical environment, exposure to critical incidences, public environment, job characteristics and organizational characteristics. Specifically, the physical environment refers to noise, automobile exhaust, climate, dust, thermal pollution, etc.; exposure to critical incidences refer to incidences that are experienced, witnessed, and going to be confronted with by traffic policeman; public environment stressor is comprised of the irrational expectation and voice of the public caused by the socio-psychological loss of rank, and the poor environment of the implementation of law; emotional work, and the monotony, imbalance, and emergence nature of work consist the job characteristics stressor; the organizational characteristics stressor refers to the hidden standard of promotion, the hierarchical and result-oriented nature of performance appraisal, and the interpersonal relationships at workplace. In brief, this study discusses these stressors with the help of data, facts and interview records, etc.. Thirdly, this study elaborates different theoretical tools, such as the structure theory of role, process theory of role, process model of role stress, and context model of role stress, and provides in-depth analyses of the three dimensions of traffic policeman’s role stressors, i.e. role conflict, role ambiguity, and role overload. To be specific, role conflict stressor contains conflicts between behaving and restraining, law enforcer and service provider, work and family, organizational requirements and public needs; role ambiguity stressor refers to the ambiguity concerning whether traffic policeman is priority-oriented or servant-of-the-citizen-oriented, standard-oriented or special-oriented, as well as that of role implementation; role overload mainly includes quantitative and qualitative overload. Meanwhile, this study presents review of theories and empirical analyses of as well as logical deduction concerning the relationship among occupational stressor, role stressor and work burnout, followed by research hypotheses and empirical studies introduced in Chapter Six. In this section, occupational stressor is viewed as an important cause of traffic policeman’s work-related stress. Some influence the three dimensions of work burnout via the internalizing process of role stress, while some have a direct influence on work burnout without the mediating effect of role stressor. Thus, this study proposes a research hypothesis that part of role stressor has a mediating effect on work burnout. In the empirical section, this study receives a total of 199 questionnaires that are valid for further analyses. By conducting ANOVA analyses, this study finds out that occupational characteristics, such as occupational variety, occupational age, seniority and rank, have significant influences on occupational and role stressors of traffic policeman, while characteristics, for example age and education, show no significant influences. Moreover, this study analyses and summarizes factors that influence emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and diminished personal accomplishment through multilevel regression. At the same time, role conflict, role ambiguity, and role overload have a mediating effect between some occupational stressors and work burnout. Also, this study discovers the relationship between work burnout and job satisfaction via lineal regression. Finally, in the conclusion section, implication is made for the traffic police concerning how to deal with occupational stressor, role stressor and work burnout. Also, three directions for future research is pointed out, that is, the use of multiple sample for comparative and longitudinal research, the discovery of dynamic causal interaction, and the solution of actual problems by means of action research. This study provides innovation in the following three aspects: in the use of various research methods, theory, data, facts and empirical analyses are combined together, and the systematic structure of traffic policeman’s stressors are developed; work burnout is taken as the main characteristic of stress response, and the psychological health of traffic policeman is considered form a organized and evolutionary perspective; a model of the work-related stress of traffic policeman is developed and becomes an important theoretical innovation.
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