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论文编号：	3502
作者编号：	032877
上传时间：	2011/6/16 15:55:06
中文题目：	高新技术产业集群网络互动
英文题目：	Network Interaction of High-tech Industrial Cluster: Relational Governance Research
指导老师：	陈清泰
中文关键字：	关键词：高新技术产业集群 网络互动 关系治理
英文关键字：	Key Words: high-tech industrial cluster network interaction relational governance
中文摘要：	摘 要 自上世纪七八十年代以来，产业集群现象成为一个重要的研究课题，1951年美国斯坦福研究园（“硅谷”的前身）成立以后，各种类型的高新技术产业开发区在世界各国犹如雨后春笋般地发展起来。美国的硅谷、印度的班加罗尔、日本筑波、以色列的特拉维夫、芬兰的赫尔辛基、中国台湾地区的新竹科技工业园、英国的苏格兰科技园区等的成功发展，使各国纷纷建立各自的科学园区，试图加速发展高新技术产业，以占领世界经济发展的制高点。但硅谷模式是否可以复制，怎样复制？ 纵观世界各国科学园区的发展经验可以看出，高新技术产业集群的形成与发展受多种因素的制约，单独或片面地强调某种因素是不全面的，这也是硅谷模式不能复制或复制未必成功的原因之一。产业集群（Industrial Cluster）是集中在特定区域的在业务上相互联系的一群企业和相关机构，是指在特定的领域中，一群在地理上集中，且有相互关联性的企业、专业化供应商、服务供应商、相关产业的厂商，以及相关的机构（如大学、制定标准化的机构、产业协会等），由它们构成的群体（波特，2003）。产业集群作为一种处于企业与市场之间的中间性组织或网络组织来说，在国家或区域经济发展中将会产生非常重要的影响。 论文结合新经济社会学理论、经济学以及网络理论，研究产业集群的网络关系，包括集群与外部的关系、集群内部各行为主体之间的关系，重点突破集群内部的企业与企业，企业与地方政府、企业与大学等科研机构、企业与中介服务机构等的网络关系研究。在对以上网络关系理论研究的基础上，从网络关系治理的视角研究了高新技术产业集群的网络协同效应，并以此为契入点分析了高新技术产业集群的网络互动关系结构及其类型，探索了高新技术产业集群网络互动关系治理的逻辑起点，治理机制以及治理目标。其中，重点研究了高新技术产业集群的关系治理机制，对其信任机制、声誉机制、沟通与协调机制、利益机制以及激励与约束机制等进行了系统研究。最后，以济南高新区齐鲁软件园为实证研究对象，运用网络分析方法，以齐鲁软件园中的四个重要产业联盟（国际合作软件联盟、电力软件企业联盟、交通软件企业联盟、通信软件企业联盟）为研究样本，研究集群网络关系治理效应及其与绩效的关系，构建了描述其内在机理的关系模型。最后，在对实证研究结果系统分析的基础上，提出相应的政策建议，指出本研究存在的局限性以及进一步改进的展望。 论文通过研究重点得到以下结论：集群内各行为主体通过正式与非正式的相互联系与作用，使集群网络的信息得到及时沟通与反馈；信任与合作机制以及集体惩罚机制的建立使集群内企业的交易成本得以降低，风险的不确定性得以减少，使各利益主体的目标朝向具有一致性；集群网络协同效应是集群资源的整合过程，其中，集群结构及其行为主体之间的关系是影响集群资源及其整合的根本因素，群内企业的竞合博弈行为与多元、互补、动态的集群微观制度结构是影响其资源整合的动态途径；集群行为主体间的关系治理机制是一种较为特殊的基于经济和非经济因素双重影响的双边治理与多边治理，它既具有双边治理的基本特征又有其集群企业区域网络化联系所导致的治理特殊性。寻找集群治理的规律，避免集群的盲目构建以及合作企业间的逆向选择与道德风险等机会主义行为，充分发挥集群网络的协同效应或获得关系租金是集群网络关系治理的目标。 关键词：高新技术产业集群 网络互动 关系治理
英文摘要：	Abstract Since 1970s or 1980s, the phenomenon of industrial cluster has become an important topic. After the establishment of Stanford Research Park of the US, which is the predecessor of Silicon Valley, too many high-tech industrial development zones have developed like mushrooms after rain. The success of Silicon Valley located in America, Bangalore high-tech industrial development zone located in India, Tsukuba high-tech industrial development zone located in Japan, Tel Aviv high-tech industrial development zone located in Israel, Hsinchu Science-based industry park located in Taiwan, as well as Scotland Science Park located in British has driven the foundations of science park for other countries, directing at accelerating the development of high-tech industries to occupy the commanding heights of world economic development. However, the question exists, that is, whether the mode of Silicon Valley can be replicated or not? If the answer is yes, then how to replicate the mode? From the experience of the high-tech science zones all over the world, the formation and development of high-tech industrial clusters are restrained by various factors, it is incomplete for emphasizing only certain factor which is also the one of reasons that why the mode of Silicon Valley cannot be replicated or the replication would not be successful. Industrial clusters are geographic concentrations of interconnected companies and institutions in a particular filed. According to Porter(2003), the industrial cluster encompass an array of linked industries and other entities important to competition, they include, for example, suppliers of specialized inputs such as components, machinery, and services, and providers of specialized infrastructure, include governmental and other institutions-such as universities, standards-setting agencies, think tanks and trade associations. Industrial cluster is an intermediary organization or network organization which lies between enterprises and market, from this perspective, it would produce important sense for regional or national economic development. This paper combines the theory of New Economic Sociology and network to examine the network in industrial cluster, the network relationship of which include the relations between clusters and external factors, among behavioral actors inside the clusters, the focus of this paper is to study the network relations among enterprises inside the clusters, between enterprises, enterprises and local government, enterprises and institution for scientific research such as universities, enterprises and intermediary organizations. Based on the network relationship for above dimensions, this paper would study on the network synergistic effect of high-tech industrial cluster from the view of network relational governance and analyze the structures and styles of network interactions of high-tech industrial clusters, thus explore the logical starting point, governance mechanisms and goals as for the network interactions governance of high-tech industrial clusters. The study primarily focuses on the governance mechanisms of network interactions, and systematically investigates the mechanisms like trust mechanism, reputation mechanism, communication and coordination mechanism, and incentive and disciplinary mechanism. Then, this paper takes Qilu Soft Park located in Jinan High-tech Zone, Shandong province as an example, adopts the method of network analysis to study the relationship between effects of governance mechanisms of network interactions in clusters and performance by using the sample of four important industrial alliances for Qilu Soft Park, which are International Cooperation Software Alliance, Power Software Enterprise Alliance, Traffic Software Enterprise Alliance and Communication Software Enterprise Alliance, the relational model to illustrate internal mechanism is constructed as well. Finally, this paper provides some policy recommendations based on aforementioned systematically analysis, and points the limitations of this research and the directions for future work. The main conclusions are: firstly, the information of clusters network can be communicated and feedback among various actors inside clusters by formal and informal interactions and relations; secondly, the construction of trust and coordination mechanism and disciplinary mechanism reduces transaction cost and the uncertainty of risk for enterprises of the industrial clusters, therefore, makes the goals of various stakeholders consistently; thirdly, the network synergistic effect of industrial clusters is an integration process of resources inside the clusters, while the structure of clusters and relations among actors are the fundamental factors that affecting clusters’ resources and their integration, the behaviors of co-opetition game among enterprises inside the clusters and multivariate, complementary and dynamic micro institutional structure are dynamic paths affecting resource integration; fourthly, relational governance mechanism among enterprises of the clusters is a specific bilateral governance, the basis of which is the dual effects of economic and non-economic factors, it has not only the fundamental characteristics of bilateral and multilateral governance but the governance specialty derived from network relations among enterprises of the clusters. Therefore, finding out the patterns of clusters governance to avoid the blindness of clusters’ construction and the opportunism behaviors like adverse selection and moral hazard, thus taking full advantages of synergetic effect of clusters network or obtaining relational rent are the goals of network relational governance for clusters. Key Words: high-tech industrial cluster network interaction relational governance
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