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论文编号：	3458
作者编号：	1120060708
上传时间：	2011/6/13 15:56:42
中文题目：	旅游者行为的道德性研究
英文题目：	A Study on the Moral Attribute of the Tourist Conduct
指导老师：	齐善鸿 教授
中文关键字：	旅游伦理 旅游者 旅游者行为 道德旅游
英文关键字：	Tourism ethics Tourist Tourist conduct Ethical tourism
中文摘要：	20世纪80年代以来，因旅游发展对环境、社会、文化的负面影响日益增大，伦理维度的旅游研究日益得到学界关注。从已有研究看，对旅游企业等供给方的伦理问题涉猎较多，从需求方，即旅游者角度进行道德维度的探讨相对较少。事实上，旅游者行为因其给自身、社会与自然带来正负效用，具有“利害人己”的道德属性，因此，研究如何塑造旅游者的道德行为并提升其旅游价值显得非常必要。本研究在全面考察旅游学、伦理学、社会学、心理学、哲学等学科理论的基础上，结合以实地观察、深度访谈、企业调研等方法获得的实证数据，提出一个体系完整的研究框架，主要解决以下问题：一、社会为何需要旅游者道德（含道德评价标准）；二、旅游者道德行为事实如何；三、旅游者道德行为应该如何（道德规范）；四、旅游者道德规范的实现。 针对上述问题，本研究首先提出基于精神成长的动态人性观，在此基础上探讨旅游的本质，旅游、道德与人性成长之间的内在关系，并推导出旅游道德价值评价标准：自由、主动、联结、创造；其次，从体验角度对旅游异化现象进行分析，并对旅游者道德行为进行结构化分析，其横向维度表现为旅游者道德行为连续体，纵向维度体现为旅游前、旅游中、旅游后三个环节；第三，以“负责任旅游”理念为指导，探讨旅游者道德行为规范推导的内在逻辑和外在构成要素，并给出道德规范的综合示例；最后，通过对影响旅游者道德行为的限制因素与促进因素进行分析，提出塑造旅游者道德行为需要解决的12个基本问题，构造“基于多方主体互动的旅游者道德行为塑造机制模型”，从“一个核心”、“四大主体”进行重点论述，并以“稻草人旅行”为案例进行理论确证。 本研究属于对旅游者道德问题的探索性研究，其理论意义是有助于旅游伦理研究走向全面和深化，提出旅游者道德研究的基本分析框架并得出创新性的结论，其实践意义是为如何以旅游促进人性成长和文明进步提出具体建议，为旅游业利益相关者的决策提供理论参考，并可能对旅游者获得更有价值的旅游体验提供具体指导。
英文摘要：	Since 1980s, the study on tourism in the dimension of ethics has drawn increasing attention from researchers due to the negative impact upon environment, society and culture caused by tourism development. From the existing research it can be found that much more attention is given to the ethical issues of the supply side in tourism industry, such as tourism enterprises, while less to the demand side, namely the tourist. Actually, tourist conduct can bring about both positive and negative effects on tourists, society and nature, so it must have the moral attribute – beneficial or harmful to themselves or others. Therefore, it seems extremely necessary to study how to mold tourist moral conduct and improve their tourism value. Based on the theories of such disciplines as tourism, ethics, sociology, psychology and philosophy, with an analysis of the empirical data by field investigation, depth interview, and enterprise study, this dissertation puts forward a systematic study frame. It mainly solves the following problems: 1. the reason why the society needs moral tourist, involving moral evaluation standards; 2. the fact of tourist moral conduct; 3. what should be the tourist moral conduct, namely, ethical code; 4. the fulfillment of tourist moral code. According to the above problems, firstly, this dissertation puts forward a viewpoint of dynamic human nature based on spirit development, and then discusses the essence of tourism and the intrinsic relationships among tourism, morality and human nature development. This part also derives four standards for moral value evaluation, i.e. free, initiative, connective and creative. Secondly, it analyzes the tourism alienation phenomena from the facet of tourism experience, and then structurally analyzes the tourist moral conduct. From the horizontal dimension it can be presented by a tourists′ moral conduct continuum while from the vertical dimension it includes such three steps as pre-tourism, in-tourism and the after-tourism. Thirdly, guided by the concept of “responsible traveling”, the paper explores the inherent logic of derivation of tourist ethical conduct as well as external elements for code formation. This paper also presents comprehensive examples of moral code. Finally, through the analysis of the constraints and impetus of tourist moral conduct, it generalizes 12 basic problems which should be solved in order to mold tourist moral conduct, constructs an model of tourist moral conduct molding which is based on multi-subject interaction, lists some advices from “one core” and “four main subjects”, and proves it through the case of Scarecrow Travel Agency in Shanghai. This study is an exploratory research to the problem of tourist moral issues. Theoretically, it is helpful to the study of tourism ethics in a comprehensive and in-depth way. It also puts forward a basic analytical frame to the study of tourist morality. Practically, it presents specific advices about how to improve human nature and civilization development through tourism, provides theoretical support to the stakeholders in tourism industry and it may also guide tourists to acquire more valuable tourism experience.
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