联系我们

论文查询结果	返回搜索

论文编号：	3378
作者编号：	1120080762
上传时间：	2011/6/9 22:35:21
中文题目：	公共图书馆投入产出效率及其影响因素研究
英文题目：	Research on the Input-output Efficiency and Influencing Factors in Chinese Public Libraries
指导老师：	徐建华
中文关键字：	公共图书馆；投入产出效率；影响因素；实证研究
英文关键字：	public library；input-output efficiency；influencing factors；empirical research
中文摘要：	自2003年十六届三中全会首次明确提出“公共服务”的政府职能以来，我国政府部门开始由“经济建设”向“公共服务”转型。在重视公共文化事业建设，强调建立健全公共文化服务体系，提高公共文化服务能力的政策推动下，政府部门开始加大对图书馆等公共文化服务机构的投入与支持力度。公共图书馆获得比以往更多的经费、资源与政策支持，为图书馆事业的发展创造了积极、良性的发展空间。2011年，国家文化部和财政部联合提出公共图书馆全部向公众免费开放的政策，要求公共图书馆为公众所提供的基本服务项目全部免费。 在这样的政策背景下，政府部门与社会公众也开始关注公共图书馆的管理与发展状况。在经济处于快速增长的阶段，公共资金属于社会稀缺资源，公共图书馆想要获取更多的公共资金与资源，就必须要向其权益人彰显自身的运营成绩，证明自身能够用最少的资源提供最好的服务，或者已经将公共资源做出了最为有效的配置，没有出现浪费现象与低效问题。这样才能证明政府对图书馆的投入是有价值的，才能在与其他部门的经费、资源竞争过程中更具优势。 然而，现有的图书馆绩效评估理论与方法，很难测度图书馆的投入与产出效率及其对公共资源的使用情况，无法揭示图书馆是否提供了适当的服务以及是否产生了足够的效益。显然，政府主管部门、社会公众以及图书馆管理者更加关注图书馆的服务与效益问题。 本研究借鉴国内外投入产出效率相关理论与方法的最新研究成果，结合我国公共图书馆行业的现状与特点，运用数据包络分析（DEA）方法，选取黑龙江省71个公共图书馆作为样本，测算了2007~2009年间被调查的公共图书馆投入产出效率水平及其在地区、规模与时间上的分布特征。利用DEAP、EMS效率测算软件，对投入产出效率的5个子维度，即纯技术效率、规模效率、规模报酬趋势、超效率与投入要素冗余度进行测算与分析。在此基础上，采取独立样本T检验、交互列联分析、相关分析等统计分析方法，以公共图书馆投入产出效率、规模效率和纯技术效率3个维度为因变量，公共图书馆的外部支持、人力资源管理、领导者素质、服务能力与资源配置水平5个层面的若干指标为自变量，探索公共图书馆投入产出效率的影响因素及其影响效果，并建立公共图书馆投入产出效率的Tobit多元回归模型。 本研究的创新点主要体现在以下3个方面： （1）从经济学视角研究公共图书馆投入产出效率问题，深化和扩展了图书馆绩效评估领域的研究范围与力度。与以往绩效评估的出发点不同，本研究实质上是从经济学的视角，综合运用定性、定量的研究方法，探讨图书馆投入产出效率水平问题。从纯技术效率、规模效率、规模报酬趋势、超效率和投入冗余多个子维度测量与评价公共图书馆的投入产出效率特征，对以往研究中涉及较少的规模报酬趋势和超效率等方面的研究进行补充。 （2）本文从时间趋势、地域分布和图书馆行政规模三个角度研究公共图书馆投入产出效率的变化规律，丰富和充实了图书馆投入产出效率研究。由于本研究的调查时间跨度较长，取样范围以某省份为单位，基本涵盖了样本地区的所有公共图书馆，有利于研究公共图书馆投入产出效率及其子维度在时间、规模与地域上的变化规律。 （3）对图书馆投入产出效率的影响因素进行了探索性研究。在对图书馆内外影响因素分析的基础上，本研究从公共图书馆获得的外界支持、人力资源管理、领导者素质、资源配置水平以及服务能力5个方面，探索影响公共图书馆投入产出效率的关键性因素，并建立公共图书馆投入产出效率模型。本研究尝试找出影响公共图书馆投入产出效率的各种因素，对图书馆内外部环境进行细致的探索性分析，为图书馆效率影响因素实证研究领域提供有益补充。 通过理论研究与实证调查，得到主要研究结论如下： 被调查地区公共图书馆的投入产出效率总体水平较低，存在47.1%的效率损失。图书馆纯技术效率水平不高，即图书馆管理水平与技术应用能力较低是阻碍图书馆效率进步的主要原因。在图书馆发展趋势上，规模报酬递增现象较多，表明公共图书馆现有规模偏小。在投入要素冗余方面，约12.12%的馆舍面积未得到有效利用，馆内空间的浪费现象比较严重。 在探索公共图书馆投入产出效率影响因素的分析上，政府财政支持、员工年龄、员工学历、员工培训教育、领导者学历与职称、参考咨询服务能力、文献资源配置状况、阅览空间与服务时长等方面对投入产出效率、纯技术效率与规模效率产生不同程度的显著性影响。 在公共图书馆投入产出效率的Tobit回归模型中，被纳入方程的解释变量来自员工素质、设备提供状况和服务水平三个维度。其中，阅览空间、图书馆开馆时间、本科学历员工、人均员工服务用户数量4因子对图书馆投入产出效率产生积极影响；而中、高级职称员工2因子对投入产出效率产生消极影响。 综上所述，通过对公共图书馆投入产出效率的实证调查，可以真正了解被调查公共图书馆的真实状况，可以为其效率的改进提供参考依据，就如同实业界的企业诊断一样，让它们明确问题之所在，努力的方向，提升的手段以及改进的路径。
英文摘要：	Since the Third Plenary Session of Party's Sixteenth Central Committee firstly proposed the government function of "public service" explicitly, the government administrations began to transit from "economy construction" to "public service". Promoted by the policies of the construction of public cultural undertakings, establishment of public cultural service system and enhancement of public cultural service capability, the government has started to increase the concern of public culture, to emphasize the satisfaction of the people's cultural needs and to establish the public cultural service system of the whole society. Accordingly, the government also started to increase the inputs and support to libraries and other public cultural service institutions. Thus, the public libraries can get more resources and assistance and access to a positive, healthy development. In the year 2011, the Ministry of Culture and the Ministry of Finance jointly nominated the policy that all public libraries open to the public free, which policy requires the basic services items provided by the public libraries should be free of charge. Against this policy background, government administration and the public have become more focused on the management and development of the public libraries. On the stage which economy grows fast, the public funds are social scarce resources. In order to gain more public funds and resources, the public library should show its performance to the equity owner to prove that it is able to service best with least resources or to make the most efficient disposition of the public resources without any waste and inefficient problem. By accomplishing with above work, the library can display the value of government input and get advantages in the competition of funds and resources with the other public sectors. Thus, it is difficult to measure the library input-output efficiency by the existing theories and methods of the library performance valuation, not to mention to reveal whether the library has provided proper services and generated enough benefit. Obviously, the competent department, social public and library directors all concern more about the service and benefits of public libraries. This dissertation takes note of the theories and methods of the input and output efficiency of the latest research results at home and abroad. Considering the status and features of the public library industry in China, this dissertation applies data envelopment analysis and selects 71 public libraries in Heilongjiang Province, from 2007-2009, as samples. It calculates input-output efficiency of public libraries and examines the relationship between the input-output efficiency and the regional distribution, size and time, respectively. Five dimensions of input-output efficiency, which are the pure technical efficiency, scale efficiency, return to scale efficiency, super-efficiency and redundancy rate of the input indicators, are measured and calculated by the efficiency measuring softwares, like the DEAP and EMS. On this bases, this dissertation adopts the T-test of independent samples, cross tabulation analysis and correlation analysis, takes the input-output efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency as dependent variables, the indicators of external support, human resource management, leadership quality, service capability and level of resource allocation as the independent variables to explore the influencing factors of public libraries' input-output efficiency and the influencing effects. In addition, the Tobit multiple regression model is developed to examine the input-output efficiency of public library. There are three main contributions of this study: 1. Discussing the input-output efficiency of public library from a economic perspective, this study deepens and expands the research of library performance evaluation. Differs from the prior start points of performance evaluation, this research substantially takes the economic perspective, and combines the qualitative and quantitative methods to explore the level of input-output efficiency of public libraries. The input-output efficiency is considered from pure technical efficiency, scale efficiency, return to scale efficiency, super-efficiency and redundancy rate of the input indicators. It is a complement of the study on return to scale tend and super-efficiency which are not always involved in prior studies. 2. This study discusses the public libraries' input-output efficiency from three points of views, which are the time trend, regional distribution, and library economy size. This enriches the research of library input-output efficiency. The long time-span investigation and sample in a specific province which is almost cover all public libraries in the sample area all contribute to the benefit of the input-output efficiency and its sub-dimensionalities' changing regularity with time, size and region. 3. A exploratory research of library input-output efficiency is addressed in this dissertation. Based on the analysis of the internal and external influencing factors, this study explores the key factors of input-output efficiency from five aspects which are indicators of external support, human resource management, leadership quality, service capability and level of resource allocation, and establishes the model of input-output efficiency in the library. It tries to figure out all influencing factors of the input-output efficiency by analysing the internal and external environments exploringly and particularly, and to provide beneficial complement for the empirical research of the library efficiency. Based on the theoretical study and evidence investgations, the following research conclusions are reached: 1. The input-output efficiencies of the investigated public libraries are relatively low with 47.1% efficiency loss. This can be explained by the low pure technical efficiency, which means the lower management level and weak ability of technology application are the key obstacles of efficiency development in the libraries. Regards to the trend of public library development, many increasing returns to scale are found, which indicates that the public libraries are undersized. The study on investment redundancy shows that 12.12% area of the library is not used productively, and the internal space is seriously wasted. 2. Based on the analysis of efficiency influencing factors, the results suggest that financial support, staffs' age, education background and training education, leaders' education background, reference service ability, literature resources allocation, room to read and opening hours affect the input-output efficiency, pure technical efficiency scale efficiency significantly at different levels. 3. In the Tobit model of the input-output efficiency, the explanatory variables consider three dimensions which are the staff situation, facilities' configuration levels and standard of services. Four determinants which are the room to read, opening hours, staffs with bachelor's degree and average number of users served by one staff have positive impacts on the efficiency of public library. However, number of intermediate technical and number of senior technical personnel affect the efficiency negatively. In conclusion, the proposed research investigates public library input-output efficiency, provides better understanding of the real condition of public libraries and offers recommendations to improve library efficiency. Similarly as enterprise diagnosis, this research contributes to figure out public libraries' crucial issues, main directions and improvement means.
查看全文：	预览  下载(下载需要进行登录)