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论文编号: | 315 | |
作者编号: | 2120062183 | |
上传时间: | 2008/12/15 1:01:44 | |
中文题目: | 跨国公司财务保守行为研究 | |
英文题目: | Multinational Corporation fina | |
指导老师: | 王全喜 | |
中文关键字: | 跨国公司 资本结构 财务保守 | |
英文关键字: | Multinational Corporation cap | |
中文摘要: | 摘要 财务保守是战略财务理论中一种崭新的观点。传统的资本结构理论强调负债的税盾作用,强调负债的财务杠杆作用。但一些企业在实际运作过程中,并不因为税盾作用而过度追求财务杠杆效应,而是采取低负债、高权益的资本结构。这种资本结构看似保守,实则是为了应对未来的营销竞争和财务竞争,储备一定融资能力的战略行为。同时随着经济全球化浪潮的迅猛发展,跨国公司在世界经济领域中的作用也显得更为重要,对跨国公司财务管理相关问题的研究也成为学术界研究的重点课题。因此本文研究跨国公司的财务保守行为,具有重要的现实意义。此外,将财务保守理论引入到跨国公司领域,对优化跨国公司财务战略理论和丰富当前资本结构理论具有重要的推动作用,因而本文的研究也具有一定的理论意义。本文正是以此为出发点,较为系统的研究了跨国公司的财务保守的动因,并通过构建数学模型定量的研究了跨国公司的债务融资上限,旨在为我国跨国公司资本结构优化决策提供理论支持。 本文第一章为相关理论回顾,简述了国内外学者在本领域的研究成果。第二章通过分析跨国公司的融资特性及其融资渠道,明确了影响跨国公司融资决策因素。由于跨国公司面对更加复杂的政治环境、税收环境和汇率变化,跨国公司融资过程中资金需求量更大,融资渠道更加丰富。因此跨国公司融资决策因素也不同于国内公司。第三章 “跨国经营对资本成本的影响分析”是本文的重点章节,本章首先对各种资本成本计算方法进行概述。然后根据权衡模型对其债务融资成本计算公式进行拓展,将破产成本和代理成本与负债的税蔽作用一起作为影响负债资本成本的因素,更加全面的分析跨国经营对负债资本成本的影响。接下来以资本资产定价模型为工具对权益成本变化进行分析,通过讨论跨国经营对系统风险系数的影响,分析跨国经营对权益成本变化的影响。最后通过对美国跨国公司和本土公司的调查比较,对上述理论分析进行了验证,实证证明跨国经营对资本成本的影响促使企业采取财务保守行为。第四章 “跨国公司负债上限的定量研究”也是本文的重点,通过构建二阶段数学模型,给出了跨国公司负债上限的计算公式。基于负债上限计算公式,进一步讨论了跨国经营风险、市场竞争、未来盈利预期、市场准入沉没投资成本对负债上限的影响。然后选取A公司的财务保守行为进行了案例分析。A公司是一家总部位于美国北卡来罗纳州的一家中型跨国企业,主要产品为电机用碳刷。自2000年以来提高注册资本,降低负债总体规模,资本结构趋于保守。A公司在制定资本结构的过程中认为:新进入中国、韩国、和巴西三国市场,均蕴含较高的跨国经营风险;由于来自日本和韩国企业具有强大的竞争力使碳刷行业竞争加剧;A公司预期利润不乐观;A公司所从事的为精密制造行业,固定资产在总资产中比重较高,前期沉没投资成本较高。因此A公司为了应对未来更加激烈的竞争,储备了较大的后续融资能力 ,其财务保守实际上是一种兼具投资扩张和财务风险管理的理性战略行为。本文最后一章基于上述理论分析,通过对比中美两国跨国公司资本结构差异,从现实角度对我国企业资本结构存在的问题进行了概括分析,并提出了我国跨国公司资本结构优化的对策。 本文通过理论研究和案例分析,得出了以下主要观点: 一、跨国公司由于在经营是面对更加复杂的政治、汇率和税收环境,在跨国发展时面对更多的经营风险,因此跨国公司在融资决策时要确保公司的财务灵活性的前提下追求融资成本最小化。 二、跨国公司受国际环境不确定性和国际资本市场缺陷的影响大于跨国公司国际多元化和财务灵活性优势的影响,因此跨国经营会使债务融资成本升高;跨国经营对权益融资的资本成本影响不明显;其结果为跨国公司与纯粹的国内企业相比有更低的债股比率。 三、跨国公司的负债上限受跨国公司经营风险和市场竞争强度、经营成果预期、沉没投资规模和研发密集程度等因素的影响。跨国经营风险越强,市场竞争越激烈,经营成果预期越差,沉没投资规模越大,研发密集程度越高,跨国公司的负债上限越低,资本结构更加趋于保守。 四、我们国家的跨国公司正处于发展初期,虽然像联想、中化、中信等优秀的跨国公司已经走向世界,但就整体而言,我国跨国公司规模和业绩还远远落后于西方国家。由于竞争力较弱,我国跨国公司极易受到国际经济环境的影响,因此我国跨国公司更应该注重风险管理的研究,学会管理风险的方法,提高自身抗风险的能力。从现实意义看,我国跨国公司负债比率相比较高,随着国际化程度的加强,跨国经营风险也随之增加;同时我国银行系统风险防范体制也将逐步完善,我国跨国公司应注意控制负债规模,增强财务灵活性,以应对更加激烈的国际竞争。 由于时间和学术能力等因素,本文在研究方面仍存在许多未尽之处,如跨国公司的财务保守程度和国际化程度的关系研究、跨国公司财务保守行为与行业生命周期的关系研究等,建议今后应多加强对该领域的研究和发展,不断丰富跨国公司理论和资本结构理论,在理论界和实务界探索出更为科学完整的跨国公司资本结构的优化战略。 关键词:跨国公司 资本结构 财务保守 | |
英文摘要: | Abstract Financial conservatism is a new viewpoint in strategic finance theory. Traditional theory on capital structure stress the tax shelter and financial leverage effect from liability. Actually some companies use less liability and more equity for capital structure choice other than pursue financial leverage effect excessively for tax shelter., which looks too conservative. In fact they intend to retain enough financial flexibility to encounter the drastic financial and market competition in the further, As the rapid development of economic globalization, the impact of MNC has become more and more important in the economic field of the world. As the result, the research of MNC'financial management has been an important task in academe. So we focus on MNC in this thesis, there is important realistic sense. Moreover, Studying financial conservatism in MNC field is an important promotion to optimize MNC financial strategy and enrich capital structure theory. This is the theoretic sense from the thesis. For the above purposes, the paper analysis the incentive for financial conservatism systematically, and build a mathematical model for define the up-limited line of debt financing quantificationally, Then give some helpful measures to the optimization of Chinese MNC's capital structure. Chapter one introduces the related MNC theory and financial conservatism from former studying performance, and can be the theory instruction to the research of MNC financial conservatism. Chapter two analyze the two determinants for MNC financing which are different from domestic company due to the special environment. Chapter three is an important part of this paper, in which we analyze that what affection multinational operation impose on liability and equity finance cost ratio. We analyze debt cost ratio based on trade-off model and equity cost ratio base on CAPM. At last two investigation show the affection promote MNC to choose financial conservatism. Chapter four build a two-phase mathematical model, through which we calculate the upper-limited line of debt financing for MNC. Base on that, we discuss some factors that affect the upper-limited line of debt financing for MNC, including the risk from multinational operation, market competition, profit expectation, and others. The following positivism analysis show the high risk from multinational operation and drastic industrial competition make company A more conservative in capital structure. The last chapter analyzes the existing problems of Chinese MNCs' capital structure, and then proposes a series of countermeasures about optimization. The main conclusions from all theoretical study and case analysis are as follows: 1.Multinatioanal operation encounter more complex political ,tax and exchange rate environment, so MNC pursue the lowest capital cost ration after enough financial flexibility to decrease operation risk; 2. Because multinational operation increase debt cost ratio and keep equity cost ratio unchanged, MNC select less liability financing than domestic company; 3.As the multinational operation has more risk, the competition in the industry is more drastic, the profit forecast is worse, The MNC will select less liability financing and be more conservative on capital structure. 4.Based on the comparing between Chinese and US MNC, Chinese MNC have more liability financing on capital structure. As Chinese MNC will have more and more international business and Chinese bank control risk more strictly, they should decrease the liability to reserve financial flexibility for more drastic international challenge. Key words: Multinational Corporation capital structure financial conservatism | |
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