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论文编号：	2878
作者编号：	043131
上传时间：	2010/12/14 14:13:34
中文题目：	企业知识共享信任机制研究
英文题目：	Research on the Trust Mechanism of Knowledge Sharing
指导老师：	张玉利
中文关键字：	知识共享 知识管理 信任 知识共享网络
英文关键字：	Knowledge sharing， Knowledge management， Trust， Knowledge sharing network
中文摘要：	中文摘要 伴随着知识经济时代的到来知识的重要性越发凸现，越来越多的企业管理者和研究者开始关注知识资源对企业获取持续性的竞争优势的重要意义。高新技术的快速发展变革、企业组织运作的多结点分布模式的大量涌现、经济全球化导致的竞争程度和竞争范围的急速扩展等，促使组织认识到技术创新和知识创新在提高企业竞争力中发挥着越来越重要的作用。而知识共享是知识创新的基础，知识只有通过共享才能实现协同效应，知识只有通过整合才能实现创新，而创新则是企业获得持续竞争优势的关键所在。 信任是企业实现知识交流和共享的一个关键因素和前提条件。有了企业内成员间的信任，才能建立知识的良性循环，并朝着知识交流和共享的方向实现螺旋上升。建立基于信任的企业内部的知识共享，有利于促进企业内，将个体知识转化为组织知识，而企业间知识共享网络的知识共享可以有效的降低企业成本，有效地实现资源共享。因此，对企业的自主知识创新具有重要的实践意义。 从理论上来说，尽管国内外关于信任对于企业内员工以及企业知识共享网络之间知识共享影响的研究文献较多，但是依然存在巨大的探索空间。本文从信任的整合模型出发，从知识共享知识供给方的角度出发，将知识共享中的信任维度结构及其关系、信任的效果和前因，整合成一个统一的模型进行研究，并且运用问卷调查和经济管理实验的方式进行实证检验，探讨在中国文化背景下，企业内部员工以及企业知识共享网络之间知识共享中信任问题的基本规律，包括共享信任的内在结构及关系、信任对共享决策的影响、以及共享信任的关键因素等，这对于基于信任的知识共享理论的研究无疑具有重要的意义。 本研究的问题是探寻中国企业文化背景下，企业内部员工间，领导与员工间及企业网络成员间知识共享中的信任构建问题并进行实证分析，从而为国内企业的知识共享管理实践提供理论指导。本文遵循提出问题——分析问题——解决问题的思路，以基于信任的企业知识共享管理为研究切入点，采用文献研究法，通过对文献的评述提出问题假设， 然后采用实证的方法包括基于问卷调查的统计与计量回归分析和经济管理实验等方法对问题和假设对假设进行验证，研究了信任与知识共享机理、信任模式、基于信任的知识共享机制构建等问题，并对影响企业知识共享的关键因素——信任进行了深入研究与实证检验。主要的研究结果及创新点有如下几点： 一、本研究通过对国内外信任理论文献的回顾，结合中国企业制度背景，对组织内部员工信任，尤其是员工对领导和同事的信任的维度进行探索。本文发现，制度信任本身对于知识共享决策尤其是对于正式的知识共享行为具有重要的作用。本研究还构建了包括信任维度及其结构关系、信任前因和效果的整合模型，并通过实证研究验证了维度划分的合理性及相应测量量表的信度与效度。 二、本研究从社会资本角度将知识共享网络成员间相互信任机制划分为结构纬度和社会纬度。结合知识共享网络的生命周期理论，将知识共享网络成员间相互信任可划分为尝试性信任、维持性信任和延续性信任。运用博弈论的分析工具，阐释了企业知识共享网络成员间相互信任的产生及其保障机制。最后作为个案分析，着重探讨了一种新型的网络组织形式——大规模协作的基于信任的知识治理机制问题。在对大规模协作进行简要阐释的基础上，解析了大规模协作中知识共享的治理动机及其治理困境，探讨了其以信任为基础的治理机制，旨在为我国的企业发展与变革提供启示。 三、本研究基于个体有限理性假设，构建了一个组织成员知识共享的“公共品博弈”模型并设计经济管理实验探讨知识共享中的“搭便车”问题。在此基础上设计“领导机制”实验，模拟员工在不同领导模式下的博弈策略的学习与调整过程，并基于此分析了领导机制在影响组织成员信任及其知识共享行为中的作用。在如何构建领导与员工信任机制的研究中，本文在国内首次在委托——代理博弈框架中加入互惠、利他等情感因素，从行为博弈的角度入手设计互惠博弈实验，探讨了委托人（领导）和代理人（员工）在有限理性的情况下，其互惠偏好是否对委托人和代理人控制机会主义风险，增强彼此信任决策产生影响。实验结果表明领导与员工之间的互惠行为能够有效打破知识共享中的机会主义困境。 本文由于时间所限，对信任在知识共享中的决定性作用研究还欠深入，构建的基于信任的知识共享体系有过于宽泛之嫌，后续研究应广泛借鉴心理学、社会学、经济学和组织行为学理论，从实证数据的反馈中吸取有用的信息，构建更深入透彻及具有操作性的知识共享体系。
英文摘要：	Abstract With the coming of the economic age, knowledge becomes more and more important. More and more managers and researchers begin to notice the key roles knowledge resources play in obtaining strategic advantages. In the practical world， with the emergence of rapid technological reformation and multi-spot operation mode，and the increasing intensity and extension of competition led by the global economy，organizations recognize that technological innovation and knowledge innovation play an increasingly important role in enhancing an enterprise’s competitiveness. However，knowledge sharing is the base of knowledge innovation. Only through knowledge sharing can we realize its synergistic effect，and only through knowledge integration can we realize knowledge innovation. and knowledge innovation is the key point of grabbing the sustainable competitive advantages. We believe trust is the key premise in realizing knowledge communication and knowledge sharing. When the co-workers trust each other，the organization may form a positive recycle，and therefore realize a spiral rise toward knowledge communication and knowledge sharing. Therefore，knowledge sharing based on the trust among the organization co-workers and among the partner organizations will promote the knowledge circulation among the organization employees working in different post，different departments and among the partner organizations. To transfer the individual knowledge into organization knowledge plays a key role in realizing organization’s independent innovation. In theory，although there are many documents dealing with the influence trust among organization co-workers and partner organizations has on the knowledge sharing. Our research starts with the integrated model of trust，discussing the issue form the viewpoint of the trustors of the knowledge. We integrated the trust dimensions and their relationship，and the cause and effect of trust into an integrated model and using questionnaires and economic experiments to test our hypnoses. The research tries to explore the basic law of trust among corporation co-workers and among the partner corporations in knowledge sharing network under the Chinese circumstances. The basic law involves the inner structure of trust，and the law of its development，the relationship between trust and sharing decision，and the key elements affecting the knowledge sharing trust. The purpose of our research is to probe the issue of trust among corporation co-workers and among the partner corporations in knowledge sharing network and do some empirical analysis on it，so that we may propose some theoretical guide to practice knowledge management in our countries. The research took the following route： putting forward the questions， analyzing the questions and solving the problems. We took the trust-based management of knowledge sharing as the pointcut of our research， collecting and studying the previous documents and then proposing our questions. Then we managed to test our hypothesis by empirical methods such as statistics of questionnaires，regression analysis and economical experiments. We studied trust and the law of knowledge sharing， trust mode and the trust based knowledge sharing mechanism and so on. We especially did a research on the key factors affecting knowledge sharing – trust. We drew the following main conclusions and proposed contributions. First of all， by reviewing the existing documents and considering the Chinese situation， we explored the trust dimensions in organization，such as trust between employees and the trust between the employees and their supervisors. Our research added a new dimension– institution-based trust，which is the base for the development of the other two – emotion-based trust and cognition-based trust. What’s more， we set up an integrated model involving the trust dimensions， and its cause and effect. We also tested the rationality of the division of the dimensions and the reliability and the validity of the scale. Secondly， we made the research on the mutual trust between the partner corporations of knowledge sharing network from the perspective of the social capital and divided the trust system of the partner corporations of knowledge sharing network into structural dimension and social dimension from the viewpoint of the social capital .We assumed that the mutual trust among the partner corporations of knowledge sharing network can be divided into tentative trust，maintainable trust and sustainable trust with the development of the knowledge sharing among the partner corporations. We use game theory to illustrate the establishment and the ensurance of the the mutual trust among the partners. In addition, based on trust，we discussed the knowledge management mechanism in a completely new form of network organization – massive collaboration. Via a brief introduction of mass collaboration, we illustrate the knowledge sharing and its governance motivation and the dilemma in massive corporation organizations and discussed the governing mechanism of knowledge sharing, in order to offer some suggestions for the development of our Chinese corporations Last but not least， based on the bounded rationality， we set up a staff knowledge sharing public goods game model. We use the “leadership” mechanism to imitate the learning and adjusting process in the game in order to figure out the factors affecting the standard of knowledge sharing inside the organization. Basing on this， we analyzed the function of the authority of transformational leaders in proving the trust and knowledge sharing behaviors among the staff members. Moreover， we added some other factors like reciprocity and altruism into the framework of principal-agent relationship， and designed the experiment from the aspect of behavioral game. We tried to find out under the condition of the individual bounded rationality whether the reciprocity has any influence on controlling the trustors and trustee in opportunism and whether it may strengthen the trust decision. The result exposed that the reciprocity behaviors between the supervisor and the employees will effectively breakthrough the opportunism in knowledge sharing However， our research on the issue of the knowledge sharing decision still needs further discussion， since we cannot cover all， as time limits to finish the paper. The knowledge sharing mechanism we set up based on trust still seems a little bit general. Therefore， I believe in the further research， we may introduce the ideas of other science such as organizational behaviors， psychology， sociology and economy to perfect it. We may build a more perfect knowledge sharing system on the basis of the feedback data of the experiment.
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