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论文编号：	2642
作者编号：	043113
上传时间：	2010/6/18 15:44:10
中文题目：	基于隐性知识创造的突破性技术创新机理研究
英文题目：	Research on the Mechanism of Radical Technological Innovation on the Basis of Tacit Knowledge Creation
指导老师：	王迎军
中文关键字：	突破性技术创新 隐性知识 知识转移 知识转化 知识创造
英文关键字：	Radical(breakthrough) technological innovation Tacit knowledge Knowledge transfer Knowledge conversion Knowledge creation
中文摘要：	20世纪90年代以来，企业外部环境呈现出技术间断或技术不连续性变化，且凸显出变化加快、全球竞争、知识经济等特征。在这复杂多变的动态环境下，不断进行技术创新已成为企业获得竞争优势、谋求生存发展的关键途径。按创新强度的不同，企业技术创新分为渐进性创新与突破性创新。20世纪90年代以前，企业的技术创新大都以渐进性技术创新为主；20世纪90年代以后的技术不连续变化使得企业的技术创新从以渐进性创新为主转变为以突破性创新为主。突破性技术创新在成熟企业实现持续竞争优势中已扮演着举足轻重的作用。然而很多研究表明，尽管成熟企业拥有资源、经验和其他重要因素方面的优势，但成熟企业在与新兴企业的技术竞争中常常失败，丧失了产业领导地位，而新兴企业通过开发新技术成为了市场主导，成熟企业很难跨越那些改变产业竞争格局的突破性技术创新所形成的鸿沟现象已成为学术文献长久研究的主题之一。虽然创新研究成功的解释了成熟企业为什么在“非连续性”创新中面临更多的困难，而新兴企业面临的困难程度要低，但是很少有人意识到某些成熟企业已经知道如何获取这种创新模式。可以肯定的是，一些成熟企业已经可以适应非连续性创新，并能成功应对，但文献对此研究较少。因此，对企业突破性技术创新研究尤其是突破性技术创新发生机理研究具有重要的理论与实践意义。 关于成熟企业如何成功地应对技术的不连续性，或突破性技术创新，越来越多的研究开始把他们的注意力集中在技术创新过程中知识的创造与管理过程。技术创新的性质从依赖于数据、信息，转向更加借助于知识，技术创新正是通过企业内外知识的识别、获取、流动转化形成的。由于突破性创新需要新的基于工程和科学原则的知识，但成熟企业对这类知识比较陌生。同时，虽然突破性创新开辟了新的市场，但它也要求企业拥有新的不同的技术和商业化能力以及解决问题的新路径，成熟企业不具有这些能力和路径，也很难获取。因此，成熟企业要想保持和建立自己的持续竞争优势，就必须不断创造新知识。知识按其属性和获取与传递的难易程度，可将影响企业技术创新的知识划分为显性知识和隐性知识。显性知识编码方便，容易沟通且易被竞争对手学到，对于企业难以形成持续的竞争优势；而隐性知识是隐含的且难以模仿的，因此不易被复制或窃取，是企业形成核心竞争能力的基础与源泉。在技术创新中真正 起主导作用的是隐性知识。人们认为，隐性知识对创新过程更有价值。企业的技术竞争力必然要受到诸如是否有能力获得技术领先者的逐渐积累起来的隐性知识、是否有能力获得包含在该企业特定的“技术轨道”中的技能和资源等等的限制。现有的理论共识表明，突破性创新常常是深度和高度的个人形式的知识的产物，也就是说，突破性技术创新与隐性知识紧密相关。在任何行业里，如果哪个企业获得了一种创造一系列革命性的产品的能力，那么它将拥有持续性竞争优势。然而对产品的改进，经常要依赖可预测的技术轨迹，可是突破性创新却是基于一种创造力和洞察力的跳跃。在理论研究归纳和分析基础上，本文提出的研究问题是：在快速变化的环境中，为了实现持续竞争优势，成熟企业必须从渐进性创新走向突破性创新，隐性知识在突破性技术创新过程中是如何作用的。 针对以往对知识与创新的关系、或企业能力与创新关系进行孤立研究的不足，基于资源(隐性知识)、能力和创新理论的结合，本文将隐性知识创造(转移和转化)、动态能力(核心能力)以及突破性技术创新纳入一个统一的分析框架进行研究，探讨了基于隐性知识创造的突破性技术创新过程发生机理，为解释成熟企业持续竞争优势来源提供了新视角。本研究的创新性工作可概括如下： 第一、突破性技术创新隐性知识内涵操作化界定。将突破性技术创新隐性知识从个体、团队、组织、组织外部四个层次和隐性认知技能和隐性技术技能两种类型进行了操作化界定，这些隐性知识一般难以用文字表达，是长期经验积累和创造的结果，其特征表现为高度的个体性、涉身性等。 第二、突破性技术创新知识转移与转化维度区分。将突破性技术创新的隐性知识创造分为隐性知识转移和隐性知识转化两个维度，理清了目前知识转移、知识转化、以及知识创造等在概念与关系上的混乱。 第三、基于隐性知识创造视角的突破性技术创新过程模型研究。尽管关于技术创新理论研究很多，但技术创新过程如何发生仍是一黑箱问题。以往知识对技术创新影响研究强调了其对突破性技术创新的产生具有促进作用，但知识究竟如何作用于技术创新并不十分清晰。本文将隐性知识创造与企业突破性技术创新过程结合起来，以吸收能力与创造能力为促进变量，研究了突破性技术创新过程发生机理，并提出基于隐性知识创造的突破性技术创新过程模型。
英文摘要：	Since 90 years of the 20th century，the external environment enterprises face with has been showing an increasing technology interrupt or discontinuity ，and highlighs.the characteristics of global competition，knowledge-based economy. In this complex dynamic environment，sustaining technological innovation has become an key path of the company for gainng a competitive advantage，seeking survival and development. In accordance with the different intensity of innovation，technological innovation is divided into incremental innovation and radical innovation. The 90 years ago of 20th century，the technological innovation of enterprises is mainly incremental； the 90 years later of 20th century，the uncontinuous change of the technology make technological innovation of enterprises from incremental innovation to radical innovation. Radical technological innovation in companies to achieve sustained competitive advantage has played a pivotal role. However，many studies have shown that， although mature companies have the resources， experience and other important factors of the advantages， but mature companies competing with emerging business enterprises in the technology competition often fail， and lose the industrial leadership position， while new enterprises through the development of new technology into the market dominant，the phenomenon mature companies have difficulties to cross radical technology that change industry competition pattern has become one of the themes.of academic literature for a long time. Despite the innovative research successfully explains why mature companies face more difficulty in uncontinuous innovation， while new enterprises are facing difficulties to a lesser degree， but few people realize that some mature companies already know how to obtain such a innovation model. To be sure， some mature companies have adapted to uncontinuous innovation and get successfully response，but little literature on this research. Therefore， the breakthrough technological innovation researches of entewrprise， specially,the mechanism of radical technological innovation have an important theoretical and practical significance. How about mature firm to successfully deal with the discontinuity， or a breakthrough technological innovation， growing research began to focus their attention on knowledge creation and management process of the technical innovation process. The nature of technological innovation depends on from the data， information， turn to the knowledge， technical innovation really achieves through the identification of knowledge within and outside the enterprise. The breakthrough innovation need new engineering principles and science-based knowledge， but mature companies are unfamiliar such knowledge .And while breakthrough innovations opened up new markets， but it also requires enterprises have new and different technical and business capabilities， as well as the new path to solve the problem， mature enterprises do not have these capabilities and path， it is difficult to obtain. Thus， mature companies in order to maintain and build their own sustainable competitive advantage， and must continue to create new knowledge.According to their properties and ease of acquisition and transmission， knowledge affecting the technological innovation can be divided into explicit knowledge and tacit knowledge. The explicit knowledge can be encoded conveniently， easy to communicate and easily rivals have learned， is difficult for enterprise to form sustainable competitive advantage； while the tacit knowledge is implicit and difficult to imitate， and therefore can not easily be copied or stolen， thus is basis and source of core competence of enterprise. Really to play a leading role in technological innovation is the tacit knowledge. It is believed that hidden value to the process of innovation.The Consensus of current theories are that breakthrough innovations are often the product of deep and highly personal forms of knowledge， or breakthrough technology innovation and tacit knowledge are closely related. In any industry， if the enterprises has capacity to create a series of revolutionary products， it will have a sustainable competitive advantage. However， the improvement of products， often rely on predictable technological trajectory， but the breakthrough innovation is based on a leap of creativity and insights. On the basis of induction and analysis of the theoretical research， the questions proposed in this paper is： in a rapidly changing environment， in order to achieve sustainable competitive advantage， mature firm must move toward a breakthrough innovation from the incremental innovation， and ，the tacit knowledge how to effect on the process of. breakthrough technological innovation. The previous research for relationship between knowledge and innovation and the relationship between the compentence and innovation of enterprise are an isolated study. However， the combination based on resources (tacit knowledge) theory，compentence theory and innovation theory， through the creation of tacit knowledge (transfer and conversion)，dynamic capabilities of company （core compentence）as well as breakthrough technologies into a unified analytical framework for a study， this paper examine breakthrough technological innovation mechanism based on the creation of tacit knowledge. Thus，it provide a new vision for explaining the source of sustainable competitive advantage of enterprise. The innovative work can be summarized as follows： First， the definition of operation dimension about tacit knowledge content in four level：personal，group，organization，outside organization. The existing literature shows that tacit knowledge and breakthrough technological innovation are closely related to， but did not explan the content and other issues of tacit knowledge about breakthrough technological innovation in-depth. Based on the reading of literature， this paper explore the operation dimensions of the tacit knowledge content. Second， the knowledge transfer and transformation dimensions distinction of the breakthrough technology innovation. The creation of tacit knowledge of breakthrough technological innovation will be divided into tacit knowledge transfer dimension and tacit knowledge conversion dimension， that clarify concepts and relations between the current knowledge transfer， knowledge conversion ， as well as knowledge creation ，them are often in the confusion. Third， research about the process and model of radical(breakthrough) technological innovation based on the perspective of tacit knowledge creation. While a lot of theoretical research on technological innovations， the research about how to happens technological innovation process is still a black box. For knowledge’s effection on technical innovation ， the previous research emphasize their promotion effection on breakthrough technological innovation. However，how to effect is not very clear. This article combine the creation of tacit knowledge with process of breakthrough technological innovation， at same time， with knowledge creation capacity and absorbing capacity for promoting variables，and study the mechanism of breakthrough technological innovation process， and on basis of above research， the paper suggest an breakthrough technological innovation process model.
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