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论文编号：	2609
作者编号：	2120082157
上传时间：	2010/6/17 14:59:28
中文题目：	新企业青春期影响因素及其作用机制研究
英文题目：	A Study on the Factor and Mechanism of New Venture Adolescent
指导老师：	张玉利
中文关键字：	死亡率；年龄依赖；青春期；创业过程
英文关键字：	Death rate；Age-Dependence；Adolescent；Entrepreneurial Process
中文摘要：	创业对经济增长和就业的贡献已经成为众多学者和政策制定者关心的主题。早期研究和近期数据均表明：相比已有企业，新企业死亡率更高。新企业死亡率较高不仅表明创业较高的机会成本，也显示了创业资源的浪费。探究新企业高死亡率背后的影响因素及其作用机制成为全面发掘创业活动价值的关键步骤。 本研究以聚焦于组织死亡率研究的“新进入缺陷”、“青春期缺陷”这一对存在一定分歧的种群生态学理论假设为研究基础，通过文献梳理发现：在检验模型设定、群体异质性测量和观测间隔选取等方面存在的问题，导致围绕“新进入缺陷”展开的相关研究没有观测到青春期的存在。“青春期”这一概念对理解创业领域新企业死亡率高这一现象的重要意义。因而，本研究把分析视角从群体层面调整至个体/公司层面，将新企业青春期定义为：新企业创建后，创业者（和其他利益相关者）允许新企业不受已有企业需要考虑的条件约束而向预期目标发展的时期。 在简要论证了新企业青春期与死亡风险之间的关系后，作者结采用涵盖了创业机会、创业者和资源三要素的创业过程模型分析发现：信息搜集过程、创业者承诺和初始资源投入及持续绩效表现是新企业青春期的主要形成来源。然而，大样本实证研究并未完全探明各主要形成来源中的影响因素具体表现形式,对其作用机制也鲜有探讨。本论文采用案例研究的方法，从个体/公司层面对新企业青春期影响因素及其作用机制展开研究。依托创业者访谈，采用跨案例分析及与相关文献相互印证的方式，发展了一系列命题，不仅补充完善了新企业青春期形成来源框架中的影响因素，还初步揭示了各影响因素对新企业青春期的作用机制。 本论文主要贡献体现在以下四个方面。第一，将种群生态学相关概念纳入分析框架，尝试从理论分析和案例研究两方面理解和发现新企业创建初期面临的死亡风险函数表现形式，有助于澄清有关企业死亡率年龄依赖模式的分歧。第二，验证了青春期这一概念对理解新企业高死亡率这一现象的重要作用，并调整至个体/公司层面进行分析研究，一定程度上弥补了已有研究过分关注群体共性而忽视个体差异性的缺陷。第三，基于要素互动的过程视角，采用案例研究的方法通过访谈创业者收集数据，初步揭示了新企业青春期影响因素的作用机制。第四，结合理论分析和案例研究基本澄清了为什么有些创业者较早关闭企业而其他则迟于从财务角度判断应该关闭的时间，有助于谋求鼓励并扶持真正具有社会经济价值的创业活动的针对性政策措施。 本论文的结构安排如下：第一章交待了研究背景、问题和意义，并从总体上介绍了研究方法、过程和框架。第二章的文献梳理回顾了相关理论和研究。第三章在定义了新企业青春期概念及其内涵的基础上，结合创业过程的视角构建了理论模型。第四章对案例研究过程、对象选择及品质评估进行了介绍。第五章将访谈记录发现与相关文献联系、对比，补充完善了新企业青春期的影响因素，并重点阐述了影响因素的作用机制。第六章对全文进行了总结和展望，归纳了主要研究结论，提出论文的创新点和存在的不足之处，并指出了未来的研究方向。
英文摘要：	The contribution of entrepreneurship on the economic growth and employment has become the topic concerned by large number of scholars and policy makers. Moreover, both of early studies and recent data show that new ventures face higher death rate compared to established companies. The high rate of venture off not only declares that the costs of entrepreneurial opportunity are high, but also proclaims the waste of resources. The inquiry of mechanism underlying the high death rate of new venture is one of key steps to fully explore the value of entrepreneurial activity. With the bases of "the liability of newness", " the liability of adolescent" and such population ecology theory that focused on the study of organizational mortality, this thesis reviewed literatures and found that: the problems existing in the setting of test models, the measurement of population heterogeneity and the selection of observation intervals etc. led to relevant studies which carried out surrounding "the liability of newness" have not observed the existence of adolescence. The concept of adolescence is important for understanding the phenomenon that new venture faces high mortality in entrepreneurial area. This study adjusted the analysis perspective from the group level to the individual / corporate level and defined the adolescence of new venture as the period during which the new ventures is permitted by entrepreneurs (and other stakeholders) to develop towards the realization of expected goals not subject to the constraints concerned by established companies. After a brief proof of the relationship between the adolescence of new venture and the death risk, combined the perspective of entrepreneurial process, I adopted the model covering entrepreneurial opportunities, entrepreneurs and resources-the three elements of entrepreneurial process to analyze and found that: information-gathering process, the commitment of entrepreneur, the initial resources input and the on-going performance are the major formation source of adolescent. However, based on large sample, previous empirical researches have not verified specific factor forms completely, and have little investigation of the mechanism. This thesis examined factors of the adolescent of new venture and the mechanism of these factors from individual / corporate level by case studying. Relying on interviews with entrepreneurs, this thesis developed a series of propositions by using cross-case analysis and confirming with related literatures. It not only complemented the factors within the framework of adolescence formation source, but also revealed mechanisms among factors and between each factor and the adolescence rudimentarily. The contributions of this study are mainly reflected as follows. First, the concepts of population ecology were brought into the analysis framework and that is helpful for clarifying the differences between age-dependent models of organization mortality. Second, this study validated the important role of the adolescence concept for understanding the high mortality hazard of new venture, made up the defect of existing research concern the commonality of population overly and neglect differences between individuals by adjusting the concept to the individual / corporate level. Third, staring from the perspective of elements interactive process, this study revealed the mechanism of factors by case studying and changed the situation in which the mechanism of influencing factors was ignored because of the over-reliance on public data. Fourth, this study clarified why some entrepreneurs close down their new ventures early but others later than the time point they should have judged from financial view and this will contribute to seeking targeted policy measures which encourage and support entrepreneurial activity with real socio-economic value. The structure of this paper is showed as follows: Chapter one confessed the research background, problems and significance, and generally described the research methods, process and framework. Chapter two reviewed the relevant theories and studies. Chapter three built a theoretical model combined with the perspective of the entrepreneurial process to. Chapter four is the introduction of the case study process, the object selection and quality assessment. Chapter five linked and contrasted study founding with the related literature, complemented the factor of new venture adolescent and described the mechanism. Chapter six is the summary and prospect,
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