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论文编号：	2606
作者编号：	043096
上传时间：	2010/6/13 15:37:37
中文题目：	跨国企业选址影响因素研究
英文题目：	The Study of Influence Factors on The Location Choice of Multinational Enterprises
指导老师：	韩经纶 教授
中文关键字：	跨国企业 新经济地理学 知识溢出 选址
英文关键字：	Multinational Enterprise; New Economic Geography; Location Choice
中文摘要：	摘 要 伴随着经济一体化进程和国际化生产的新发展，跨国企业已经在很大程度上控制着国际贸易、国际投资和技术转让等经济活动，并且在向国外市场提供商品和服务，以及加强国际市场联系等方面，跨国企业已经逐渐超过贸易，成为影响世界经济的主要力量。跨国企业对世界经济的推动作用已经通过国际贸易、技术转移和国际直接投资等方式已经将其影响渗透到全球的每一个角落。而中国作为发展中国家的最大引资国，一方面，既要保持对FDI持久的吸引力和凝聚力，有选择地吸引外资，不断促进经济增长；另一方面，我国企业在国内市场与外国企业竞争的同时也应该积极实施“走出去”战略，参与国际市场竞争。因此，这就需要新的视角和分析框架，努力使用不同的方法进一步证明已有的分析结果。而新经济地理学作为经济学的重要分支，其包含的垄断竞争、规模经济和运输成本等都是当今跨国企业选址必须考虑的因素。 通过对D-S模型赋予空间解释，新经济地理学对规模经济、运输成本、要素流动和投入产出联系的性质及其相互作用进行了深入的探讨。新经济地理学指出，由于集聚所特有的路径依赖性，全球一体化条件下的产业集聚程度将越来越高，本地生产要素和商品的价格将趋于上升。因此，生产要素和商品的不完全流动性将会使得跨国企业转移投资，从而产生了产业从中心地区向外围地区转移的全球性工业过程。在规模经济的条件下，产业集聚和长期增长随着运输成本的变化而变化。因此，新经济地理学的全球化含义为研究跨国企业选址问题提供了新的理论框架和研究视角。 本论文的基本分析框架为：在系统回顾了传统跨国企业选址理论的基础上，提出了新经济地理学对跨国企业选址研究的创新性，并进一步给出了新经济地理学基础上的“基本层面—市场层面—知识溢出层面”的跨国企业选址分析框架；进而分层面从理论上分析和总结了影响跨国企业选址的新经济地理学因素，并在理论分析的基础上，选取实证模型、收集相关数据，对跨国企业选址的决定因素进行了实证检验，并针对结果进行了实证分析。在理论和实证分析的基础上，分析了我国吸引跨国企业及其外商直接投资的现状，并提出了促进我国吸引外商直接投资和我国企业“走出去”的政策建议。 本论文的主要创新点体现在以下几个方面： 第一，本文系统地建立起新经济地理学基础上的跨国企业选址研究框架，即从新经济地理的区域模型和国际模型出发，对跨国企业选址的各个新经济地理因素进行了一般性分析，从基本因素、市场因素和知识外溢因素三个层面构建了新经济地理学基础上的跨国企业选址研究框架，这在国内还是首次尝试。 第二，本文在新经济地理学基础上的跨国企业分析框架下，分别分析了规模经济、运输成本和外部性等基本因素，贸易效应、母国市场效应和关联效应等市场因素和知识溢出因素对跨国企业选址的影响，尤其是高技术产业跨国企业选址的影响，实际上是拓展了新经济地理中关于技术外部性的研究。这些都是在理论和实证方面的初步尝试。 第三，本文吸收了国内外相关研究领域的先进模型和方法，并结合中国的数据，对各部分进行了实证检验，使用的模型和方法，比如地区均衡工资方程、条件Logit模型以及双因素固定效应模型等在国内研究中尚不多见。 论文包括中英文摘要、目录、导论、正文、参考文献、后记等部分。 本文第一章为导论，主要介绍了本文的研究背景、研究意义、研究内容与论文框架、研究方法与思路以及主要创新点。正文部分共分为六章，其中：第二章是理论与文献综述，主要回顾了新经济地理学的相关内容和综述了新经济地理学基础上的跨国企业选址研究；第三章为一般分析，在系统回顾了传统跨国企业选址理论的基础上，提出了新经济地理学对跨国企业选址研究的创新性，进一步给出了新经济地理学基础上的“基本层面—市场层面—知识溢出层面”跨国企业选址分析框架，以及各层面各因素对跨国企业选址的影响。本章提供了下面章节的分析框架，是本文的重点章节之一；第四章为基本因素分析，本章首先从理论上分析了规模经济、运输成本和外部性对跨国企业选址的影响，然后使用均衡工资方程对相应结论进行了实证检验；第五章为市场因素分析，分别从贸易效应、母国市场效应和关联效应三个方面分析了产品差异化、贸易成本、市场关联和地方市场需求四个因素对跨国企业选址的影响；第六章为知识溢出因素分析，具体分析了知识溢出对跨国企业选址的影响机制，重点分析了知识溢出对高技术跨国企业选址的影响，并通过实证检验得出了影响跨国企业进入我国的决定因素；第七章分析了我国吸引跨国企业及其外商直接投资的现状，并提出了促进我国吸引外商直接投资和我国企业“走出去”的政策建议。
英文摘要：	Abstract With the economic integration processing and the new development of international production, multinational enterprises have been largely in control of international trade, international investment, and technology transfer and so on. And multinational enterprises have gradually become a major force affecting the world economy than trade in some aspects of supplying goods and services to foreign markets and strengthening the international market ties. Multinational enterprises’ positive influence of promoting the world economy have infiltrated into every corner of the world through international trade, technology transfer and international direct investment. China is the biggest host country of FDI in developing countries. On the one hand, it is necessary for China to maintain long-lasting appeal and cohesion to FDI, attract more and more foreign investment to promote economic growth; on the other hand, China's enterprises should implement the "going out" strategy to compete with foreign enterprises in international market. Therefore, we should use a new perspective and analytical framework to find further evidence of the analysis results with a different approach. As an important branch of economics, the new economic geography is a good method to study the location of multinational enterprises with the hypothesizes of monopolistic competition, economies of scale and transportation costs. New economic geography discussed the nature of economies of scale, transportation costs, factor mobility, input-output linkages and their interaction through the space explanation of DS model. Because of the unique path dependence of agglomeration, under the conditions of global integration, the degree of industrial agglomeration will be increasingly, and the prices of local production factors and commodity will tend to rise. Therefore, the imperfect mobility of local production factors and goods will make multinational enterprises to transfer their investment. Under the condition of economies of scale, industrial agglomeration and economic growth will change with transport costs. Therefore, the new economic geography provides a new theoretical framework and perspectives to study the location of multinational enterprises. The basic analytical framework of this dissertation is as following: Based on the review of the traditional location theory of multinational enterprises, we give the innovative study, and further give the new economic geography framework for location analysis of "Basic level - Market level - Knowledge Spillover level"; then we analyze the impact factors of new economic geography on the location choice in theory. Based on the theoretical analysis, we conduct an empirical test on the theoretical determinants of multinational enterprises location; Based on the theoretical and empirical analysis, we analyze the status in quo of China’s multinational enterprises and foreign direct investment, then we put forward some policy recommendations of promoting China to attract more foreign direct investment and Chinese enterprises to go out. The principal innovation of this dissertation is as following: First, based on the new economic geography, the dissertation systematically establishes a new research framework in the location research of multinational enterprises: at the start of the new regional model and international model of new economic geography, we make general analysis. And then this dissertation gives the new economic geography framework for location analysis of "Basic level - Market level - Knowledge Spillover level", which is the first time in China. Second, based on the research framework, this dissertation analyzes the impact of economies of scale, transportation costs, externalities, trade effect, home market effect and knowledge spillover on the location of multinational enterprises, especially the impact on the location of multinational high-tech industry, which actually expands the technical externalities research of new economic geography. Third, this dissertation has absorbed the advanced research models and methods from domestic and foreign-related areas. Combined with Chinese data, this dissertation conducts some empirical tests. The models and methods, such as balanced regional wage equation, Conditional Logit Model and two-factor fixed - effect models are rarely used in the domestic study. This dissertation consists of Chinese and English abstract, catalogs, introduction, text, references, postscript and some other parts. The first chapter is an introduction including the research background, research significance, research content and thesis framework, research methods and ideas as well as major innovation points. Body part is divided into six chapters, including: the second chapter is the theory and literature review including the relevant contents of the new economic geography and an review of multinational enterprises location studies; the third chapter is the general analysis including the systematic review of the traditional location theory, the innovation study and the "Basic level - Market level - Knowledge Spillover level " framework for location analysis. This chapter provides an analytical framework for the following sections; the fourth chapter is the basic factor analysis including the theoretical and empirical analysis of the impacts of economies of scale, transport costs and externalities on the location of the multinational enterprises; the fifth chapter is the market factor analysis including the theoretical and empirical analysis of trade effects, home market effect and the linkage effects on the location of multinational enterprises; the sixth chapter is the knowledge-spillover factor analysis including a detailed analysis of knowledge spillover effects of multinational enterprises location mechanism, a analysis of knowledge spillover effects of high-tech multinationals location and empirical test; the seventh chapter analyzes the status in quo of China’s multinational enterprises and foreign direct investment, then we put forward some policy recommendations of promoting China to attract more foreign direct investment and Chinese enterprises to go out and compete with other multinational enterprises.
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