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论文编号：	247
作者编号：	20022466
上传时间：	2008/6/17 22:31:47
中文题目：	政府准经营性企业经营模式创新研
英文题目：	Business Model Innovation of P
指导老师：	王迎军
中文关键字：	政府管理 准经营性企业 经营模式
英文关键字：	government management; pre-ope
中文摘要：	政府准经营性企业具有公共性和营利性二元目标，包括国家垄断性、公益性、先导性产业的国企，从事基础性产业、支柱性产业、高新技术产业、高风险性产业及一些幼稚产业经营的国有企业，实行企业化管理的事业单位。政府准经营性企业作为一种特殊的单位群体，不仅存在于中国这样的发展中国家，在西方发达国家，也都存在。在中国的经济体制由计划经济向市场经济转轨过程中，政府准经营性企业不可避免地衍生出许多经济和管理问题，一方面它历经多次国有企业改革、政府机构改革仍顽强地生存下来，说明它自有在现阶段生存的必要性；另一方面它虽然不是完全按照市场化方式进行纯经营性运作，不以获取最大利润为目的，但它又在政府机构改革、经济体制改革过程中不断得到扩充和发展，说明它在市场经济浪潮中能够发挥出重要作用。本文运用系统方法、案例方法对组织变革理论、公司治理理论、经营模式理论作了深入的分析，构建了一个组织变革模型，完善了企业经营模式理论。以此为基础理论，对我国政府准经营性企业的现状进行了分析，对全球化变革给其带来的影响进行了深入的研究，系统地提出了准经营性企业变革和经营模式创新对策。 作为政府准经营性企业，其经营模式与社会上其它企业如经营性企业、非经营性企业不同，它虽然具有企业的经营性质，但不以营利为主要目的，既要完成政府交付的各项职能任务，保障政府经济政策和各项计划得到有效执行，还要拥有并保持竞争优势，获取一定的经济与社会效益，这就要求它们必须不断地为适应市场竞争和内外环境的变化进行创新和变革。本文对中国政府准经营性企业的发展历程进行了回顾，借鉴国外政府准经营性企业的经营和管理模式，提出了政府准经营性企业经营模式创新的必要性和可行性。创新和变革已成为企业在这个不断变化的社会环境和市场环境中生存与发展的重要手段。 组织变革理论及我国政府变革和国有企业发展演变的历程表明，政府准经营性企业在其组织的内外部环境发生变化之后，需要对自身的部分或全部要素做出调整。即一是要对企业技术进行变革调整，旨在改变生产方法和作业流程，提升工作效率与绩效；二是要对企业组织结构进行变革调整，旨在建立新的工作关系，提升绩效；三是要对企业行为进行变革调整，旨在改变员工的价值、态度和信念，形成新的思维方式和行为模式，提高工作效率；四是要对企业产品与服务进行变革调整，对既有产品进行某种改进或推出全新产品，旨在增加市场分额，开拓新市场、新顾客；五是要对战略与结构进行变革调整，旨在加强协调、激励和控制。经营模式理论认为，成功的经营模式具有显著的盈利性，它一是要为价值链中的顾客和参与者创造价值；二是产生系统价值，因为系统价值高于各个体要素价值的总和。但首先要注意经营模式的有效性、独特性、一致性和利润助推要素。企业所提供的顾客价值要高于为产生顾客价值所花费的成本，否则企业最终将会无利可图，甚至亏损。所以，政府准经营性企业在社会主义市场经济体制改革过程中要为适应新的环境对组织结构和经营模式不断进行变革调整，当其经营模式创新取得成功之后，为应对自身经营模式被模仿或被替代的威胁，企业还应将利润助推因素引入经营模式，包括收益递增、竞争者排除、战略经济以及战略灵活性等，以在较长时期内获得高于平均水平的收益。 本文主要从经济学和战略管理学的角度，通过调查研究中央政府具有典型意义的会议接待服务业、政府车辆服务业、办公用房建设服务业中的政府准经营性企业所处的环境、占用的资源、内部组织结构和服务对象等，对政府准经营性企业的经营模式进行深入分析，并以经营模式创新为核心，探索建立适应政府行政体制和事业单位改革的新型的政府准经营性企业。由于我国的实际情况与西方发达国家有所不同，基于转型经济的特殊情况和社会主义市场经济的特有属性，我国政府准经营性企业的范围比其他发达国家传统公共企业的范围更为广阔，政府干预的范围和力度也有了较大的提高。实践中，部分长期享受政府财政补贴的国有企业和实行企业化管理的事业单位也都有其特殊的经营关系需求。在这种情况下，重新界定准经营性企业的概念和范围，并对其具体的经营模式进行合理探索将具有非常重要的现实意义，这也是本文研究的重要创新点之一。
英文摘要：	In this dissertation, the status of the government pre-operative enterprise was analyzed and the impact from the globalization to it was studied. The government pre-operative enterprise as a special unit groups, is not only existed in the developing countries such as China, but also in the western developed countries. In the transition of China’s economic system from a planned economy to a market one, the government pre-operative enterprise inevitably led to many economic and government issues. On the one hand, it is necessary to exist at this stage for it is still tenaciously survive after a series of state-owned enterprise reform and government organization reform; on the other hand, although it is not fully in accordance with the market-orientation approach to pure business operation, and not to get the maximum profit for its purpose, it has been continuously expended and developed in the reform of government institutions and economic reform process. It can play a critical role in the economic tide. As a government pre-operative enterprise, its business model is different from other ones such as business enterprises and non-business enterprises. Although it has the operational nature of enterprises, its primary purpose is not purchasing profit. The government pre-operative enterprise must accomplish tasks the government asks for and make sure the government’s economic policies and all kinds of plans be administered effectively, as well as possess and maintain competitive advantage, obtain economic and social benefits. In order to adapt the market competition and the change of the internal and external environment, the government pre-operative enterprise must be innovated and reformed. This dissertation reviewed the development of China’s government pre-operative enterprise and compared it with the business enterprise and the non-business enterprise, used the operation and management model of abroad government pre-operative enterprise for reference, and proposed the innovation of the business model in the government pre-operative enterprise. Innovation and reform has become the important means for the survival and development of an enterprise in the ever-changing social environment and market environment. Organizational change theory, the course of China’s government reform and the evolution of the state-owned enterprise development shows that the government pre-operative enterprise should adjust its part or all elements when the internal and external environment of the organization has changed. Firstly, the technology of the enterprise must be reformed and adjusted in order to change the production methods and procedures. Secondly, the organizational structure of the enterprise must be reformed and adjusted in order to establish a new working relationship and enhance the work performance. Thirdly, the firm behavior must be reformed and adjusted in order to change values, attitudes and beliefs of its stuff, form a new way of thinking and new behavior patterns and improve work efficiency. Fourthly, products and services must be reformed and adjusted in order to increase market share and open up new markets as well as new customers. Fifthly, the strategy and structure must be reformed and adjusted in order to enhance the coordination motivation and control. According with business model theory, a successful business model has significant profitability. First it must create values for customers and participants in the value chain. Second, it must bring about value system which is greater than sum of the individual elements. But at the beginning we must pay attention to the effectiveness, unique consistency and factors of boasting profits of the business model. Customer values the enterprise provides must be more than costs which create it, otherwise the enterprise will get nothing and even loss finally. As a result, the organizational structure and business model of the government pre-operative enterprise must be reformed and adjusted in order to adapt the ever-changing environment under the socialist market economic system reform. As soon as the innovation of business model succeeds, in order to protect itself from being copied or altered, the enterprise must introduce the factors of boasting profits which includes increasing returns, excluding competitors, economic strategy and strategic flexibility into its business model. Thereby the enterprise will get profits above the average for a long time. In this dissertation, the perspective of economics and strategy management were used. The resources of occupation, internal organizational structure and clients in which the government pre-operative enterprises are were studied. These enterprises include reception services, government vehicle services and construction of office space services. After in-depth analysis of the business model of these enterprises, a new model of government pre-operative enterprise which adapted the reform of the administrative system and institutions were established. Because of the difference between China’s situation and the western developed countries, as well as the special nature of the socialist market economy and the special situation of the restructuring economy, the scope of China’s pre-operative enterprises becomes wider, the scope and intensity of the government intervention has improved greatly. In practice some state-owned enterprises with long term financial subsidies and institutions with enterprise management are also in need of special business relationship. In this situation, it is important to re-definite the conception and scope of the government pre-operative enterprise and study the specific business model. It is also the important innovation of this dissertation.
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