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论文编号：	2459
作者编号：	1120060704
上传时间：	2010/6/10 17:19:59
中文题目：	企业文化、创业导向与企业绩效的关系研究
英文题目：	The Study On The Relationship Among Corporate Culture, Entrepreneurial Orientation And Firm Performance
指导老师：	张玉利教授
中文关键字：	企业文化 创业导向 企业绩效 创业
英文关键字：	Corporate Culture; Entrepreneurial Orientation; Firm Performance; Entrepreneurship
中文摘要：	随着改革开放的不断深入，中国的创业活动正蓬勃发展。作为创业研究的核心建构，创业导向与企业绩效间关系的研究已成为当前公司创业管理的研究主流。然而，现有文献对于创业导向现象和效果的解释仍有待深化，对创业导向的构成维度、创业导向与绩效关系的转化路径及前置效应、以及在不同文化情境下对两者关系的细化分析都存在潜在的理论空缺。 基于过程视角下创业研究的前沿领域，本文考察了企业文化、创业导向与企业绩效的相互作用机制，基于文献分析、案例访谈和理论推演构建出了企业文化和创业导向及其匹配机制影响企业绩效的理论模型，发展出了相应的18个研究假设。利用251家有效问卷，采用因子分析、路径分析、中介效应分析和结构方程模型对研究假设进行了实证检验。本研究的主要结论包括如下五点： 第一，路径分析结果发现创业导向的创新性维度和先动性维度对企业绩效具有显著提升作用，这意味着对于国内企业的创业实践而言，重视创新和率先行动的重要性。企业可以通过加强研发活动、追求技术和服务领先，加速产品创新、不断推出新产品和新服务来保持创新性，也可以通过在内部营造鼓励创新、鼓励竞争、鼓励率先行动的氛围并建立相应的制度体系来培育先动。 第二，实证结果显示了企业文化对创业导向的正向驱动作用，路径分析数据显示：适应性、使命性和一致性企业文化均有利于提升企业创业导向强度，这意味着在中国情境下的创业实践中，创业者和企业管理者应该对企业文化建设高度重视，加大对文化特质中适应性、一致性和使命性维度的鼓励和培育。 第三，利用探索性和验证性因子分析，本文对Denison的OCQ文化特质模型在中国情境下进行了修正，修正模型包括参与性、一致性、使命性和适应性4个维度16个测项，信度系数分别达到了0.891、0.836、0.870和0.756，显示了较好的质量。 第四，创业导向各维度间的同变性与独立性一直是目前研究的前沿问题，本研究首次系统考察了创新性、先动性和风险承担性间的相互作用机制，实证结果显示，先动性维度对风险承担行为具有显著的促进作用，而风险承担性对创新性也具有正向驱动效应。 最后，本研究还发现创业导向在企业文化与企业绩效间发挥了部分中介效应，这不但有助于我们更好的理解企业文化与企业绩效间关系的转化路径，也在一定程度上丰富了创业导向的理论与实证研究发展。 本论文的研究贡献和创新之处主要体现在以下三个方面： 第一，本文分别从创业导向三个维度的层面探讨了各维度与企业绩效的内在关系，实证结果显示，先动性、创新性和风险承担性对企业绩效的路径系数分别为0.219、0.166和0.078，这意味着为了获取最大创业绩效，企业最优的资源配置战略应该遵循率先行动—创新—风险承担这一逻辑次序，这不但有助于更加准确地细化理解创业导向不同维度与绩效变量的复杂关系，也对战略管理的资源配置理论有所贡献。 第二，本文拓展了创业导向与企业绩效的关系模型，通过引入企业文化建构，考察了其对创业导向与绩效的前置效应。对创业导向前因变量的研究能够揭示创业导向形成的前端驱动因素，这对企业提升创业导向行为具有重要价值。 第三，针对当前创业实践与创业研究的脱节现象，进行企业文化与创业导向对绩效的整合研究将对企业如何将文化与创业导向有效结合以促进企业绩效提供实践上的参考，根据本研究提出的文化修正量表，企业就可以针对性的构建更具有效性的企业文化，通过提升其与创业导向的匹配性来促进创业绩效。 本论文的结构安排如下：第一章绪论部分论述了本文研究背景、研究问题和研究意义，并介绍了整篇论文的研究内容、框架结构和技术路线。第二章文献综述阐明了本研究的理论情境以及文献的搜集方式，在此基础上分别对企业文化理论和创业导向理论进行了深入分析，首先论述了企业文化理论的概念框架、分析模型、测量维度和实证应用，其次讨论了创业管理的研究领域、研究贡献、研究框架、演进阶段，最后讨论了创业导向理论的产生背景、理论观点、测量维度和实证应用。在第三章，基于文献分析、案例研究和理论推演，阐述了企业文化、创业导向与企业绩效间的相互关系，并发展出了相应的理论框架和研究假设。第四和第五章是本文的研究设计和实证结果，阐述了问卷设计的方法、样本选取的原则、数据搜集的程序，并汇报了描述性统计、因子分析、量表的信度和效度以及路径分析的结果，最后对假设检验的结果进行了解释。论文的最后一章对全文进行了总结和展望，归纳出了本文的主要研究结论和创新点，并指出了研究局限和未来进一步改进的方向。
英文摘要：	Along with the deepening of reform and opening up, China's entrepreneurial activities are to flourish. As the core concept of entrepreneurship research, entrepreneurial orientation and its relationship with business performance has become the mainstream of entrepreneurship management research. Entrepreneurial orientation is behavior strength which demonstrated of risk-taking, proactiveness and Innovativeness by new ventures. And is the specific characterization of the start-ups to solve problems and respond to environmental changes in the business practice. However, the existing literature for the entrepreneurial orientation research has yet to be deepened. There still remain some potential theoretical vacancies for the topics such as the composition of the entrepreneurial orientation dimensions, their variability, the transformation of entrepreneurial orientation and performance relationship, its pre-effects, as well as a variety of contexts on the relationship between the two detailed analyses of both the theory. Based on the cutting-edge issues under the Process perspective of entrepreneurship research, this paper examines relationship among corporate culture, entrepreneurial orientation and business performance, and their interaction mechanisms. Based on literature analysis, case interviews and the theory extrapolating, we build out a theoretical model which studies corporate culture, entrepreneurial orientation and its matching mechanisms to affect the business performance, and developed corresponding 17 research hypothesis. Relying on 251 valid questionnaires which respond by the domestic enterprises, we using factor analysis, path analysis and structural equation model to test these relevant empirical hypotheses. The major findings of this study and conclusions are the following: First, the path analysis found that the Innovativeness and proactiveness can significantly improve business performance, which means that for domestic enterprises in terms of business practice, pay attention to the importance of innovation and taking the leader. Enterprises can remain innovativeness by strengthening research and development activities, the pursuit of leading technologies and services to accelerate product innovation, constantly introduce new products and new services, they cam also by creating in-house to encourage innovation, encourage competition, and raise an atmosphere of taking the lead and the establishment of the corresponding system to nurture the proactiveness. Second, the empirical results show that the enterprise culture can strengthen entrepreneurial orientation, which partially responded to Rauch, Wiklund, Lumpkin, and Frese (2009) to introduce the antecedent variables for the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and business performance. Path analysis results showed that adaptability, mission and consistency of corporate culture are conducive to enhance corporate entrepreneurial orientation strength, which means for context in the China's venture practice, entrepreneurs and business managers should attach great importance to the building of enterprise culture, encouragement and nurturing the cultural characteristics of adaptability, consistency and mission dimensions. Third, by use of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, the paper remodels Denison's OCQ cultural characteristics in the China’ situations, the amended model includes four dimensions of participation, consistency, mission and adaptability, and related 16 measuring items, the Reliability coefficients are 0.891,0.836,0.870 and 0.756 respectively, showing good quality. Fourth, the relationship among different entrepreneurial orientation dimensions has been the forefront of the current study, although quite a number of literature, but still lack in-depth analysis of the role of the relationship between these dimensions. To my knowledge, this is the first systematic study of the interaction mechanisms between innovativeness, proactiveness and risk-taking nature, empirical results show that the proactiveness dimension has a significant role in promoting risk-taking behavior, and risk-taking is also has a positive-driven effects for the innovativeness, these results truly have a gig contributation for the entrepreneurial orientation theory development. Finally, we also found the meditation function of entrepreneurship orientation in the relationship between firm culture and firm performance, which not only can help us better understand the transformative path between corporate cultures and firm performance, but also can deppen our comprehension about theoretical and empirical development of entrepreneurship orientation theory. The contributions of this paper are mainly reflected in the following three areas: First, this article explore the intrinsic relationship of three sub-dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation dimensions with firm performance, empirical results show that the proactiveness’s influence to dynamic performance is far greater than the contribution of innovativeness and risk-taking (the path Correlation are 0.219, 0.166 and 0.078, respectively), which means that in order to maximize business performance, the venture strategy for the optimal allocation of resources should follow the proactiveness - Innovation - risk-taking logic sequence, not only laid the foundation for more detailed and accurate understanding of the different dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation and performance variables, but also contribute on the resource allocation theory of strategic management research. Second, this study makes an expansion of entrepreneurial orientation-business performance relational model; through the introduction of a corporate culture construct- antecedent variables of entrepreneurial orientation research can reveal the formation of business-oriented front-end driver, which companies of great significance to improve start-ups business-oriented behavior. The empirical results show that to building a cultural characteristics of mission, consistency and adaptability can significantly promote entrepreneurial orientation, which contribute to the how to effectively manage the ventures practices. Third, focus on the current gap between business practice and entrepreneurship research, by conduct integrated research to align enterprise culture and entrepreneurial orientation on organizational performance will contribute on how to effectively promote the venture’ business performance. The structure of the study is showed follows. Chapter one makes a review about this research’s foundation and key issues, and introduces the study contents and research methodologies et al. Chapter two is the part of literature review and showed the theoretical contexts and foundations of the study. On this basis, we make a deeply literature review for the corporate culture theory and entrepreneurial orientation theory, respectively, We first discussed the corporate culture theory’ conceptual framework, analysis models, measurement of dimensions and its empirical applications, followed by the discussion of entrepreneurial management research, its research contributions, research framework, evolutionary stage and research perspectives, we also discuss the analysis levels of entrepreneurship research, its time framework and research methods sections were reviewed, too. Finally, we discuss of the entrepreneurial orientation theoretical point, measuring dimensions and empirical applications. In the third chapter, based on literature analysis, case studies and theoretical deductions, we described mutual relations of corporate culture, entrepreneurial orientation and business performance and develop the corresponding theoretical framework and research hypothesis. Chapter four and five are the research design and empirical results of our studies. We explained how to construct survey questionnaires, how to select research samples, and data collection procedures. In these two chapters, we reported descriptive statistics, the outcome of factor analysis, scale reliability and validity, as well as the results of path analysis. Finally, we explained the results of hypothesis testing. Chapter six summarizes previous study conclusions and explores the study’s contributions in theoretical and practical levels. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of the limitations of this study, and directions for future research.
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