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论文编号：	2454
作者编号：	2120082050
上传时间：	2010/6/10 15:31:48
中文题目：	基于收益共享契约的两阶段销售模型研究
英文题目：	Two Periods of Sales Model based on Revenue Sharing Contract
指导老师：	张建勇
中文关键字：	供应链协调 两阶段销售 收益共享契约
英文关键字：	Supply Chain Coordination, Two periods Sales, Revenue Sharing Contract
中文摘要：	近二十年来，供应链协调受到越来越多企业和学者的关注。供应链协调的关键就是设计一种有效的激励机制，使这些独立决策的管理者自身利益的最优和供应链整体效益的最优达到一致。契约就是满足上述条件的一种有效机制，本文研究了供应链契约中的一种——收益共享契约。 传统的供应链契约模型都是基于产品在整个销售期内价格、成本、单位损失都不变的前提假设下的，但是现在大多数产品都具有更新换代快、成本逐渐下降、销售价格逐渐降低的特点。成本逐渐下降的原因主要是技术的成熟和操作的熟练，而价格下降的原因主要是新技术、新产品的冲击以及市场竞争的结果。本文根据销售周期中前后不同的特点，将销售周期划分为两个阶段进行研究。 基于这样的实际情况，本文从只有一次订购机会和具有两次订货机会这两种情况的基本模型入手，探讨了没有契约约束条件下的供应链协调状态。在此基础上加入收益共享契约参数，研究两个阶段中供应商和零售商如何利用收益共享契约进行供应链的协调。这里运用三步建模法，将集中供应链的最优决策值和分散供应链中零售商的最优决策值进行比较。研究结果发现：一次订购机会的基本模型中供应链是无法达到协调的，加入收益共享契约后供应链实现了协调；具有两次订货机会时，基本模型中供应链能够实现协调，但是收益共享契约能够改善供应链绩效。 本文利用概率论与数理统计、运筹学、博弈论等学科工具建立数学模型，以利润最大化为目标，找出供应链协调的基本条件以及最佳订购量、收益共享比例的取值范围，并在算例分析中对结论进行验证。 最后，本文对研究的结果进行了总结，提出不足之处和对未来研究方向的展望。
英文摘要：	During the past two decades, more and more enterprises and scholars have paid close attention to supply chain coordination. The key of supply chain coordination is to design an effective incentive mechanism to make self-interest of these independent decision-making managers and the overall efficiency of the supply chain to achieve the optimal line. Contract is an effective mechanism to satisfy the above conditions. In this thesis, we study a kind of contract - revenue sharing contract. Traditional supply chain contract models are based on the products which are under the constant assumption throughout the sales period, e.g. prices, costs, unit losses and so on. But nowadays most products have a quick replacement and selling prices are declining gradually as decreasing the cost. Maturity of the technology and operational proficiency is the main reason of the decreasing cost, while the declining price is mainly attributable to new technologies, new products and market impact of the result of competition. Based on the different features, the sales cycle is divided into two periods for research. Under the actual situation, the thesis starts with only one order opportunity and two order opportunities models and discusses the supply chain coordination with no contract binding. We add revenue-sharing contract parameters on this basis and research how supplier and retailer to use the revenue-sharing contract for supply chain coordination in the two periods. The thesis uses three-step modeling method to compare concentrated supply chain optimal decision and decentralized supply chain retailer's optimal decision. The results showed that: an order opportunity for the basic model can not coordinate supply chain, but coordination is achieved adding the revenue sharing contract; two order opportunities can coordinate supply chain, but the revenue-sharing contract is able to improve supply chain performance. The thesis uses probability theory and mathematical statistics, operations research, game theory and other scientific tools to create mathematical models and maximize profit as the goal in order to find out the basic conditions for supply chain coordination and the best order quantity, revenue sharing ratio range. Numerical examples are used to test and verify the findings. Finally, the thesis summarizes the results of the study and proposes limits and prospects for future research directions.
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