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论文编号：	242
作者编号：	20050748
上传时间：	2008/6/17 14:58:06
中文题目：	社会资本、创业机会与新企业初期
英文题目：	Social Captial, Entrepreneuria
指导老师：	张玉利
中文关键字：	网络资源，网络结构、创业机会、
英文关键字：	Network Resource Network Stru
中文摘要：	基于过程视角下创业研究的前沿问题，本论文选择社会资本理论为基础，考察了创业者社会资本如何促进创业活动发生与开展的作用机制，论证了创业者社会资本构成与创业机会创新水平之间的作用关系，社会资本嵌入行为层面影响新企业初期绩效的作用机制，以及在特定机会条件下有助于改善新企业初期绩效的社会资本利用方式。依托119份有效问卷，采用因子分析、多元回归分析等分析方法对相关假设进行了实证检验。本研究的主要发现和结论有如下几点： 第一，社会资本是影响创业者所识别创业机会创新水平的重要因素之一。社会交往面广、交往对象趋于多样化、与高社会地位个体之间关系密切的创业者更容易发现创新性更强的机会。在机会识别过程中，创业者更善于撬动网络资源而非仅依靠在网络中的位势优势去发现更具有创新性的机会。除了网络结构指标，网络资源变量更应该引起机会发现研究的重视。 第二，对于人力资本构成不同的创业者，社会资本与创业机会创新性之间的关系呈现为不同的特点。相对于人力资本较低的创业者，人力资本水平较高的创业者更容易从高密度的网络结构发现创新性更强的机会，而难以借助更广泛的网络联系发现更富于创新性的机会。这意味着，创业者先前工作经验并不能直接促进创业者发现创新性更强的机会，甚至有可能不利于创业者发现更具有创新性的机会。相关研究应该重新审视创业者先前经验在机会发现过程中的角色。 第三，社会资本并非直接作用于新企业初期绩效，而是嵌入到活动层面对创业绩效发生作用。在创业过程中，所利用关系资源更丰富的创业者更容易整合到更充裕的创业资源，新企业初期绩效表现相应更好。尽管所利用关系强度更高的创业者往往能以更快的速度整合创业资源，但并不能确保创业者能够迅速应付创业初期的资源需求，并不会显著改善新企业初期绩效。 第四，社会资本不同构成维度在创业过程不同阶段扮演着不同角色。在机会识别阶段，善于动用网络资源与结构优势的创业者更容易看到创新性机会。而一旦进入机会开发阶段，利用结构优势虽然能提升创业者获取创业资源的速度，但并不能保证创业者获取足够的资源数量。而更善于撬动网络资源的创业者则能摄取更高的资源支持水平，并在很大程度上影响到创业成败与绩效表现高低。 第五，创业者依据机会特征适当选择社会资本利用方式有助于创业成功。在创业过程中，创业者遵照着双重逻辑来利用社会资本为创业服务。一方面注重利用创业前已存在网络所承载的社会资源为创业服务；另一方面也积极探索并建立新的网络联系人来为创业服务。利用创业前已存在网络资源有助于改善短期创业绩效，探索新联系人则难以改善短期绩效，但在面临高创新性机会时，探索并建立新联系人则很可能贡献于短期绩效。 本论文的价值和创新之处主要体现在以下四个方面。第一，将网络资源纳入分析框架并验证了重要作用，弥补了已有研究过分关注网络结构而忽视网络内容对创业活动影响的缺陷，有助于深化社会网络视角下的创业研究成果。第二，基于要素互动的过程视角揭示了社会资本影响创业绩效的作用机制，有助于澄清社会资本与创业绩效之间关系含混不清的状况。第三，验证了社会资本利用方式的区分维度及其对创业绩效的作用机制，为未来研究从战略层面去考虑创业者选择、配置并利用网络的行为逻辑与创业绩效之间的复杂作用关系奠定了微观知识基础。第四，在理论上澄清了什么样的人更容易看到创新性机会，有助于谋求鼓励并扶持具有创新潜力的创业活动的针对性政策措施，更对我国产业转型、自主创新以及相关政策制定有着突出的现实借鉴意义。 本论文的结构安排如下：第一章绪论部分交待了研究目标和内容，研究意义、研究方法等，并从总体上介绍了整个研究的框架体系。第二章文献综述部分阐述了研究的理论情境、理论基础的选择依据以及所依托的知识基础。第三章在概念化创业活动并阐述关键概念内涵的基础上，从社会资本理论视角构建了研究的理论模型，并阐述了研究设计思路。第四章提出了创业者社会资本构成与创业机会创新水平之间作用关系的理论假设，利用调查数据进行了实证检验。第五章阐述了社会资本利用水平、资源整合效率和效果、新企业初期绩效等三个关键概念之间的理论联系并构建出相关理论假设，利用调查数据进行了实证检验。第六章围绕社会资本利用方式、创业机会、新企业初期绩效等三者之间的理论联系提出了相关理论假设，并利用调查数据进行了实证检验。第七章对全文进行总结和展望，归纳出全文的主要研究结论，提出论文的主要创新点，并指出不足和改进的方向。
英文摘要：	Entrepreneurship is received more and more attention in the whole world due to its great contribution to economic development, innovation and job creation. However, the positive function of entrepreneurship is restricted in China, because of the higher proportions of Necessity-based entrepreneurship and the higher rates of failures in new ventures. In this situation, it’s important to explore who prefer to recoginize more innovative opportunities and how to management entrepreneurship, which will be help for the government policy and entrepreneurs in practice. Based on this reality, the study chooses social capital theory as theoretical base and developed a conceptual model from the perspective of the interaction of key factors in entrepreneurial process, which can explain how the social capital of entrepreneurs initiates and promotes entrepreneurship. Based on the framework, the study addressed the following issues. To what extent the social capital of nascent entrepreneurs will affect the innovativeness of entrepreneurial opportunity? How the social capital affects new venture performance through its influence on the entrepreneurial behavior or resource assembling behavior in particularlly? When exploiting the certain entrepreneurial opportunity, how to mobilizes the social capital of nascent entrepreneurs to promote the performance of new venture? In this study, the questionnaire survey was used for data collection. Totally 465 questionares were sent out while 119 valid ones were got back. The ratio of valid questionnaire is 25.6%. According to the data analysis, some methods such as explorative factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and multiple linear regression models were used to verify the hypotheses deriving from the conceptual model. With the theoretical development and quantitative analysis, the findings are showed as follows: Firstly, social capital is one of the powerful predicted variables to the innovativeness of entrepreneurial opportunity. Specifically, those who embedded in larger network or with larger network resources are easier to recognize the innovative entrepreneurial opportunity. In the process of entrepreneurial recognition, nascent entrepreneurs prefer to mobilize network resource than relying on the position advantages deriving from the network structure to discover the innovative entrepreneurial opportunity. Secondly, the human capital of nascent entrepreneurs moderates the relationship between social capital and the innovativeness of entrepreneurial opportunity. Comparing to the nascent entrepreneurs with less human capital, those with higher lever of human capital are easier to recognize more innovative entrepreneurial opportunity through the higher density of network while hard to discover innovative entrepreneurial opportunity through the larger size of network. Thirdly, social capital will promote the new venture performance in the behavior level. In the entrepreneurial process, the higher the network resources the nascent entrepreneurs mobilized, the more entrepreneurial resources will be assembled, as a result, the better the new venture performance is. While the higher the strength of ties used, the quicker of resource assembling is, while in some times, it can not ensure that nascent entrepreneurs can assemble abandunt entrepreneurial resources. Fourthly, the different dimensions of social capital play different roles in different stage of entrepreneurial process. In the stage of entrepreneurial opportunity recognition, both network structure or network size in particularly and the embedded network resource can promote the innovativeness of recognized opportunity. While in the stage of opportunity exploitation, the embedded network resource rather than network structure has a significant positive effect on the new venture performance. Lastly, nascent entrepreneurs should mobilize social capital in certain way to promote new venture performance under the conditions of certain opportunity. Specifically, nascent entrepreneurs mobilize social capital in dual way. One is exploitative mobilization, which prefers to mobilize the embedded network resource in existed network. The other is explorative mobilization, which pays attention to build and mobilize the resource of new contacts. Most important of all, the exploitative mobilization rather than explorative mobilization will promote the new venture performance in shortterm. However, when exploitating the innovative opportunity, explorative mobilization will be benefit for the new venture performance in the shortterm. The contributions of the study are showed as follows. Firstly, network resource is instroduced in entrepreneurial context and verified its importance to entrepreneurship. Secondly, the study discovered how social capital affects entrepreneurial performance from the perspective of the interaction of key factors in entrepreneurial process. Thirdly, the study recognized the dimenstion of explorative mobilization and exploitative mobilization, which will implicate future research to explore how entrepreneurs use social capital to promote entrepreneurial performance from strategic perspective. The structure of the study is showed follows. Chapter one makes a review about this research’s logic clues and key issues, and introduces the study context, contents and methods et al. Through the systematic framework, this chapter introduces and integrates relative contents. Chapter two is the part of literature review and showed the theoretical context and theoretical base of the study. Chapter 3 is the part of theoretical development and model development. Chapter four, five and six is the three parts of empirical study, which explores the relationship between social capital and innovativeness of entrepreneurial opportunity, the relationship between social capital and performance respectively. Chapter seven summarizes previous study conclusions and explains the study’s contribution and innovation points in theory and practice aspects, and analyzes the deficiency of this paper. Finally, give the directions and prospect of the future research around the dissertation issue.
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