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论文编号：	2345
作者编号：	2120082229
上传时间：	2010/6/9 0:37:08
中文题目：	国有企业员工组织政治知觉对印象管理和角色内绩效的影响研究
英文题目：	A Study on the Effects of State-Owned Enterprises’ Employees’ Organizational Political Perceptions on Impression Management and In-Role Performance
指导老师：	崔勋
中文关键字：	组织政治知觉 组织政治；印象管理；角色内绩效；自我监控
英文关键字：	Organizational Political Perception；Organizational Politics；Impression Management；In-role Performance；Self-Monitoring
中文摘要：	在国外，有关组织政治知觉的实证研究已经取得丰硕成果。但是在中国，组织政治知觉的研究才刚刚起步。而中国经过两千多年传统官僚政治的影响，社会政治权力高度集中，稀缺资源高度垄断，政治经济文化结构高度合一已经成为中国文化的一个特征。在这个背景下，员工组织政治知觉的影响作用必然会得出不同于西方研究的结论。而在中国企业中，国有企业具有行政和市场双重职能角色。国企沿袭了官僚政治的传统，管理缺乏规范性，决策制定缺乏科学性，权利本位、重关系、人治大于法治等现象仍较为严重。为此，本研究推断国企员工的组织政治知觉及其影响会更具代表性，并且不同人格特质的员工其行为表现也会有所差异。同时，又因为国有企业通常被认为缺乏效率，国企的员工在工作时通常被认为磨洋工、不务正业。因而，本研究推测员工组织政治知觉与国企的低效有着一定的联系。所以，本研究以中国国有企业员工为研究对象，欲考察员工组织政治知觉对员工行为的影响，从而推导出其对国有企业绩效的影响。 本研究通过对组织政治知觉相关文献进行梳理，找出研究空白和未被解决的问题，结合中国传统政治历史以及国有企业的现实特征，基于社会交换理论、社会认知理论、期望理论，构建了本研究的研究模型和研究假设，确定了国企员工组织政治知觉对印象管理和角色内绩效的影响的研究模型，并探究自我监控人格特质的调节效应。经过数据分析，本研究得出的主要结论如下： 第一，在国有企业中，员工的组织政治知觉显著正向影响员工的印象管理行为。当员工具有较高程度的组织政治知觉时，员工的印象管理行为会增加。 第二，在国有企业中，员工的组织政治知觉会显著负向影响员工的角色内绩效。当员工具有较高的组织政治知觉时，员工的角色内绩效会降低。 第三，在国有企业中，自我监控人格可以显著正向调节员工组织政治知觉对员工印象管理的影响。当员工感知到上司的政治行为以及薪酬和晋升政策具有政治性时，高自我监控的员工会产生更多的印象管理行为。 第四，在国有企业中，自我监控人格可以缓冲员工组织政治知觉对员工角色内绩效的负向影响。当员工感知到上司的政治行为时，高自我监控的员工会增加其在本职工作上的投入，从而会降低政治知觉对角色内绩效的负向影响。 第五，在中国的国有企业中，员工的组织政治知觉主要来源对领导政治行为的知觉。国企中薪酬与晋升紧密联系，而由于国企中人治大于法治，所以晋升决策主要是由掌握相关资源的领导控制。因而员工的政治知觉更多地是受到领导政治行为的影响，从而揭示了出了国企的现状以及更层次的制度、文化等原因。 本研究对企业管理实践的启示有： 第一，组织政治知觉会对增加员工的角色外行为，比如印象管理，而降低员工的工作绩效。所以，在管理实践中，管理者需要正确认识并控制员工的组织政治知觉。 第二，人格特质在组织政治知觉与员工工作行为之间起到了调节作用。自我监控能力高的员工往往会表现出更多的印象管理行为，也会影响自己的绩效表现。因此，管理者需要识别不同人格特质的员工，并采取合适的措施对其行为进行正向引导。 第三，规范管理制度。国企在管理制度方面存在很多问题和缺陷，这也为员工组织政治的产生提供了条件。所以，国企应该重视制度对员工的激励和约束作用，应当逐步建立科学完善的管理制度来规范员工的行为。 第四，塑造良好的企业文化。组织政治无法避免，而且中国国有企业又深受传统政治文化的影响。所以企业应当自己主动寻求改变，通过企业的内文化来减弱国家社会文化的消极影响。 最后，本研究总结了研究创新与不足，并提出了未来应当重视中介变量和调节变量、重视测量工具的选择和完善研究方法的建议。
英文摘要：	In western countries, the empirical studies on organizational political perceptions have been fruitful. But it is just getting started in China. After the experience of 2000 years of bureaucratic and political history, the social and political power are highly centralized, scarce resources are highly monopolized, the high unity of political、economic and cultural structure become a feature of Chinese culture. In this context, the role of the organizational political perceptions of employees in China will inevitably different from the findings of the studies in West. And state-owned enterprises in China have the dual functions including administrative and market, They followed the tradition of bureaucratic politics, management is lack of normalization, decision making is lack of scientificity, so the phenomena of rights based、relationship-focus and the man rule rather than regulate rule is still serious. Then, this study infers that the employees’ organizational perceptions and their effects are more typical, at the meanwhile, different personality have different behaviors. At the same time, because the state-owned enterprises are generally considered inefficient, their workers are often perceived as lying down on the job, working worthlessly. So this study infers that organizational political perception relates to state-owned enterprises’ inefficiency. Therefore, this paper may focus on employees of state-owned enterprises, to examine how employees’ perceptions of organizational politics influence their behaviors, and thus impact the performance of state-owned enterprises. On reviewing on the organizational political perception literatures, then finding out research gaps and problems not been resolved, and by combining the traditional Chinese political history and the real features of state-owned enterprises, based on social exchange theory, social cognitive theory and expectancy theory, this study constructs the research model and hypothesizes, in order to examine how employees’ organizational politics affect impression management behaviors and in-role performance, as well as to explore the moderate effects of self-monitoring personality. After data analysis, the main conclusions of this study are as follows: First, in state-owned enterprises, the employees’ organizational politics significantly positively impact the employees’ impression management behaviors. When employees have a high degree of organizational political perceptions, their impression management behaviors will increase. Second, in state-owned enterprises, the employees’ perceptions of organizational politics will be significantly negatively impact on their in-role performance. When employees have a high degree of organizational political perceptions, their in-role performance will be reduced. Third, in state-owned enterprises, the self-monitoring personality can significantly positively moderate the effects of employees’ perceptions of organizational politics on their impression management behaviors. When employees perceive their superiors’ political behaviors, as well as pay and promotion policies’ political nature, the high self-monitoring of employees will have more impression management behaviors. Fourth, in state-owned enterprises, the self-monitoring personality can positively moderate the negative effects of employees’ organizational political perceptions on in-role performance. When employees perceive their superiors’ political behaviors, high self- monitoring of employees will increase their investment in their own work, so it can reduce the negative impact of organizational political perceptions. At last, in state-owned enterprises, employees’ organizational perceptions are main derived from the perceptions of supervisors’ political behaviors. In state-owned enterprises, compensation closely relates to promotion, because man rather than rule is more important, promotion depends upon those supervisors controlling related resources. Therefore, employees’ perceptions of organizational politics are more leading from the perceptions of supervisors’ political behaviors, which reveals the status of state-owned enterprises, and their institutional or cultural reasons. The contributions to business management practices of this study are as follows: First, employees’ perceptions of organizational politics will increase the extra-role behaviors, such as impression management, and reduce job performance. Therefore, on management practice, managers need to correctly recognize and control employees’ organizational political perceptions. Second, personality can moderate the relation between organizational political perceptions and employees’ job behaviors. High self-monitoring employees not only tend to show more impression management behaviors, but also to affect their own performance. Therefore, managers need to identify employees with different personality, so as to take appropriate measures to correctly guide their behaviors. Third, normalize management institution. State-owned enterprises exist many problems and deficiencies, which promote employees’ organizational perceptions. Therefore, State- owned enterprises should pay attention to the effects of institutions’ incentives and constraints on employees, should establish a sound scientific management system to norm employees’ behaviors gradually. At last, create a good corporate culture. Because organizational politics can not be avoided, and the Chinese state-owned enterprises are infected by traditional political culture. Therefore, enterprises should seek to change initiatively by themselves, to eliminate the negative impacts of national social culture through the company's internal culture. Finally, this study summarizes the innovations and shortages of this research, and proposes that we should emphasis on mediate and moderate variables, on development in measurement tools and research methods in future.
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