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论文编号：	2057
作者编号：	2003009
上传时间：	2010/4/14 15:00:15
中文题目：	服务企业海外市场模式研究
英文题目：	service overseas market
指导老师：	韩经纶
中文关键字：	服务业 海外市场 进入模式 对策建议
英文关键字：	service overseas market entry mode suggestions
中文摘要：	服务业是近几十年来世界上增长最快的产业，而随着经济全球化的加深和国际产业结构的调整，服务业已超过制造业，成为外国直接投资（FDI）最重要的领域。特别是近年来各国对服务业的开放力度不断加大，服务业在整体上的地位稳步提升，同时服务贸易与外商直接投资的规模日益扩大，服务业国际转移的趋势也愈加明显，服务业的国际化已成为全球服务业发展的一大趋势。 中国加入WTO后，外资政策调整最集中的领域是服务业。在逐步履行入世承诺的同时，扩大服务业市场准入范围，放宽准入限制，给予外商投资者以国民待遇，是服务业领域外资政策调整的核心。伴随着对《服务贸易总协定》承诺的落实，截止2006年底，我国已相继颁布了40多项开放服务业的法规、规章，涵盖了几乎所有服务贸易领域，基本完成加入世界贸易组织关于服务业开放的全部承诺，积极稳步地推进了服务贸易领域的对外开放。与此同时，服务业FDI亦不断增长，特别是金融保险业、电信业、物流行业以及法律、计算机、工程管理和其它咨询服务业，成为FDI流入的重要部门。 进入模式选择是企业国际化的重要战略决策。当跨国公司决定进行国际化经营时，至少要作两个重要的战略决策：一个是区位选择，即选择进入哪一个外国市场；另一个就是进入模式选择，是选择直接在东道国投资，还是选择契约进入的方式，或是选择原始的出口方式。这三种不同的进入模式对跨国公司和东道国经济利益有着不同的重要影响。从跨国公司的角度看，不同的进入模式关系到资源投入水平、进入成本、技术转移程度以及对海外子公司的控制权和收益权分配，直接影响到跨国公司的经营活动和子公司的经营绩效，并进而影响到跨国公司全球战略利益的实现。从东道国的角度看，不同的进入模式对技术转移效应、当地市场结构和国际收支以及税收等东道国经济利益的实现等都将产生不同的影响。由于跨国公司和东道国政府往往存在利益上的冲突，因此进入模式也是东道国、特别是发展中国家对跨国公司进入本国市场进行管制的重要内容。正因为如此，进入模式选择是国际化经营的一个重要研究课题，一直以来都是学界对国际化进行研究的重点和热点之一。 基于中国服务市场日渐开放、国际服务业转移的大背景，本论文以国际贸易理论、国际直接投资理论为基础，以国际市场进入模式决策为核心，重点对服务企业海外市场进入模式选择进行实证研究，以揭示服务企业进入模式决策的影响因素，并提出现阶段中国服务业有效利用外资以及内资服务企业走出去的策略。本研究对于中国服务业制定有效利用外资的政策，指导国内服务企业与外资的合作与竞争，推动优势服务企业的国际化发展，都将具有重要的理论和现实意义。 具体的研究内容包括：（1）在对有关服务国际化的文献进行梳理和评价的基础上，阐述了国际市场进入模式选择的主要理论，分析了服务企业国际化与制造企业的不同、不同类型进入模式的内在特性、服务企业进入模式选择的影响因素，构建出分析服务企业国际市场进入模式决策的一般分析框架。（2）系统分析了服务企业海外市场扩张的现状，主要从扩张的主体、动因、现状和特点等几个方面进行分析，并且对交通运输、仓储及邮电通信、批发和零售、餐饮、金融、保险、房地产、租赁和商务服务业等进行分类研究，指出跨国服务企业正在全球范围内拓展其服务产品，而在这一过程中海外市场进入模式的选择无疑是极其重要的一环。（3）分别以进入中国市场的跨国服务企业和进入海外市场的中国服务企业为样本进行实证分析。因变量包含出口以外的所有进入模式选择，采用二元Logistic回归分析方法，以期找出服务企业海外市场进入模式选择的主要影响因素，并将两个样本的实证结论进行对比，对其差异进行现实分析。样本数据来源于调查问卷。（4）以实证分析的结论为基础，结合跨国服务企业进入中国大陆市场的现状，总结跨国服务企业中国市场进入模式选择的特点及其影响。主要对当前投资进入模式中的独资化倾向和更多地选择契约模式进入的倾向进行了分析，指出这两种进入模式选择中的倾向可能带来的正反两方面的影响。（5）针对当前跨国服务企业中国市场进入模式选择的现状特点，提出中国政府和企业有效应对的措施建议。政府方面要加强对外资的监控，完善各种引资政策，将独资化倾向带来的负面影响减到最低程度，并采取有效措施支持国内优势服务企业进入海外市场；企业方面要吸收跨国公司的先进技术和管理经验，尽快培育自身的核心竞争力，有条件的企业也可以“走出去”，根据自身特点采取合适的进入模式进入海外市场。
英文摘要：	With the deepening of economic globalization and restructuring of international industrial structure, service industry, the fastest growing industry for decades, has surpassed manufacturing industry and become the most important sector of foreign direct investment (FDI). Especially in recent years, most of the countries in the world have been taking actions to be more open to foreign service supplier, which makes service improving steadily. Moreover, trade and FDI in service have been increasing on a large scale, and there comes a growing tendency for service to shift internationally. Thus, the internationalization of services has become one of the tendencies for the development of the global service industry. After its entry into WTO, China has adjusted a lot in the foreign investment of service. As China is fulfilling its commitments to WTO step by step, it also enlarges the service market access to give foreign investors national treatment, which is the core of the adjustment of foreign investment policies. By the end of 2006, as its commitments to General Agreements on Trade in Services (GATS) have been carried out, China has enacted more than 40 laws and regulations ranging over almost all of the trade in services. Up to now, China was basically fulfilled all of the WTO commitments on service opening and advances the opening of service industry actively and steadily. Meanwhile, FDI in services increases quickly especially in finance, telecommunications, physical distribution, law, computer and other advisory services which become the important sectors that the FDI inflows in. The entry mode choice is an important strategic decision for companies engaging in internationalization. When multinational corporations (MNCs) determine to operate transnational, they have to make at least two important strategic decisions: one is the location choice, that is, to choose which foreign market; the other is the entry mode choice, that is, to invest directly in host countries, establish joint ventures or a wholly owned enterprises, or enter by signing contracts, or choose the original export. These three different entry modes have an important effect on multinational corporations and the host countries. As to transnational, different entry modes concern resource input level, entry cost, technology transformation and control and income apportionment to overseas subsidiary companies. And they also have a direct influence on operation of multinationals and performance of subsidiaries, and then affect the realization of global strategic intereat of multinationals. As to the host countries, different entry modes have a different influence on the economic intereat of host countries such as technology transformation effect, local market structure and balance of payments and taxation. Because MNCs and host governments often have conflicts of interest, the entry mode is a very important coverage for developed countries and especially for developing countries to regulate their markets. That's probably why the entry mode choice is an important research subject of internationalization operation. Based on the background of gradual opening of China’s service market and shifting of international service, this dissertation has international trade theories and international direct investment theories as its base and entry mode decisions on international market as its core. This dissertation makes an empirical study on entry mode of overseas market to show the determinants of entry mode decisions of service companies, and then puts forward a proposal for China to make effective use of foreign investment and for domestic companies to invest abroad. This study is of great significance theoretically and realistically for China to make policies to make effective use of foreign investment in service area, instruct domestic service companies in cooperating and competing with foreign companies, and advance superior service companies to realize internationalization. The concrete studies can be summarized as follows: ⑴ Based on sorting out and evaluating literature on service internationalization, this dissertation elaborates on theories of entry mode choice of international market, analyzes the difference between service and manufacturing on internationalization, the intrinsic characteristics of different entry modes and the determinants of entry modes for service corporations, from which it arrives at the general analytical framework of entry mode decision of service corporations operating in international market. ⑵ Systematically analyzing the current situation of service corporations expanding overseas by studying the main parts, motives, situation, feature, etc. In addition, this dissertation studies by classifications on transport and communication, storage and telecommunications, wholesale, retail trade and catering industry, finance, insurance, realty business and rented goods service to show that transnational service corporations are expanding their service products all over the world. The entry mode choice, undoubtedly, is a very important step during this process. ⑶ By respectively using transnational service corporations entering China and domestic service corporations as samples, empirical analyses are made. The dependent variables include all the entry modes except export, and binary logistic regression method is used so as to find the determinants of overseas entry mode choice of service corporations. After the empirical analyses, the two results are contrasted to analyze the reality. The sample data comefroms questionnaire survey. ⑷ Based on the empirical analyses, combing with the current situation about transnational service corporations entering China, the study arrives at the features and determinants of transnational service corporations entering China. In this part, this dissertation analyzes the trends of more corporations choosing wholly owned and contractual entry modes and shows the positive and negative influence that the trends bring out when transnational service corporations entering China. ⑸ In connection with the status quo and features of transnational service corporations entering China, this dissertation puts forward an effective proposal for China’s government and corporations. The government should strengthen to monitor foreign investment and perfect various policies drawing on foreign investors, and conduct or restrict transnational service corporations to choose the entry modes that are in our country’s favor. The service corporations should draw on the advanced technology and experience in administration, and develop their own core competitiveness as quickly as possible. Besides, qualified corporations should take actions to operate overseas and choose the suitable entry mode according to their own characteristics.
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