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论文编号：	2055
作者编号：	2004006
上传时间：	2010/4/14 10:29:01
中文题目：	知识治理研究——企业的知识本质与组织机理分析
英文题目：	Knowledge division,
指导老师：	李维安
中文关键字：	知识分工、企业的知识本质、组织机理、知识治理
英文关键字：	Knowledge division, knowledge nature of the firm,
中文摘要：	在经济学和管理学领域，围绕“知识”主题的研究成为近十几年来的研究热点。“知识治理”是新近出现的研究议题，其研究取向、研究价值和理论基础均有待进一步探索。“知识治理”问题的提出具有深刻的理论和实践背景。 本文认为，“知识治理”是研究知识经济条件下企业本质和企业组织机理的重要和前沿的理论课题之一。当前的企业治理理论以及企业组织和管理理论都是在工业经济背景下提出的，其基本目的是提高物质资源的配置和使用效率。但在知识经济条件下，资源的属性和资源的拥有者都发生了根本变化，知识及其拥有者成为知识社会的资源及资源主体，知识的生产和运用成为社会经济的核心。因此，企业作为经济活动的基本组织形式，其性质和组织形式以及组织机理都在发生巨大变化，工业时代的组织基础，即所有权、稳定性和控制，被削弱，而相互依赖、灵活性和合作关系日益成为新的组织基础，这些新的基础包括雇用和激励员工的方式、团队建设、建立合伙关系等，目标是促进知识利用和创造。因此，需要探索全新的组织机理。知识治理就是这种以促进知识创造、知识运用等为目的的关于企业组织的理论和实践课题。 论文初步构建一个关于企业的知识本质及企业知识活动组织的理论分析框架，探讨企业知识与组织之间相互作用的内在机理，将其归结为知识治理问题。本文将知识治理界定为，影响企业知识过程的权力和资源配置的组织机制和组织过程。知识治理对知识过程的影响是通过认知、动力和协调机制的运行而对成员动机和行为产生影响而产生的。认知、动力和协调机制是知识治理发挥作用的内在机理。 基于此，论文以演绎分析为方法、辅之以个案分析对以下内容进行了研究： 第一，以知识分工为切入点，通过分析知识分工形成的知识分散化特征及其引发的组织问题，来解释企业的本质是对分散的知识进行协调和整合的机制，从而论证了企业的知识本质，并进一步说明企业知识本质是生产性、社会性、认知性和契约性的结合。这是对当前企业知识理论的一种突破，现有企业知识理论仅把企业的知识协调本质作为既定前提。同时，这也是展开组织分析的逻辑起点。正因为知识分散而需要整合和协调，才产生组织的问题，从而为深入 I 摘要 II 分析企业组织机理奠定了逻辑基础。 第二，界定了知识治理概念基础上，分析了知识治理运行的三种机制，即认知机制、动力机制和协调机制。这三种机制支配、引导和调节着知识治理机制对知识过程的影响效果。知识治理分析即针对三种机制主要要件及其作用机制进行，识别它们对知识治理的作用机理。 第三，从静态角度分析了知识治理模式的运行。一方面，由于知识复杂性、差异性等影响认知进而影响到知识治理机制的作用；另一方面，组织机制通过影响作为认知和动力表征的吸收能力而影响到知识治理模式选择。 第四，从知识发展演化的角度分析了知识治理模式随知识演进而动态发展和演进的途径和方式。其中，包括知识沿时间（动态能力）和沿空间发展（知识边界）以及吸收能力随知识环境演进而对知识治理模式的动态发展的作用机理。 第五，以宝丽莱公司在数码成像技术发展中的案例重点分析了认知机制对知识治理动态演进的作用，揭示出认知机制以及动力机制和协调机制在相互作用中推动着知识治理模式的动态发展。 论文创新主要体现在三个方面：首先，基于知识分工原理，解释了企业知识本质，这是对企业知识理论的突破和发展；其次，提出知识治理的认知、动力和协调机制是知识治理运行的内在机制。第三，分析了三种机制对知识治理静态选择和运行、动态演进和发展的作用机理，从而深化了当前知识治理研究的内容。 总之，对知识治理开展深入、系统地研究，以知识治理为理论分析工具，来认识企业的知识性质，知识分工带来的知识协调、整合、互补、知识搜寻、知识创造等知识活动及其组织形式和组织机制，有助于深入理解企业知识利用、知识开发、知识创造等知识活动的内在规律，为企业高效利用和开发知识、实现创新提供理论指导。
英文摘要：	In the field of economics and management, the studies around “knowledge” have been the hot topic these years. Knowledge governance, however, is an emerging research direction at currently, with its implication and theoretical foundations in a exploratory phase. This paper argues that knowledge governance, in the context of knowledge economy, is a potential research direction to study the nature and organizational mechanism of the enterprise. To date, corporate governance and other organization theories are based on the industrial economy, and its purpose is to facilitate the deployment and utilization of the material resources within the firm. Coming into the time of knowledge economy, there is a radical change of the resource nature and the identity of the resource owners, and the latter has been the main body of social resource accommodation. Furthermore, the innovation and utilization of knowledge has become the social focus. Thus the firms are changing both in nature and organizational mechanism, in terms of ownership, stability, control and etc. On the other hand, interdependence, flexibility and cooperation has got more and more salient in the workplaces, influencing the employment mode, motivation, teambuilding and inter-group relationships. Given this practice, knowledge governance is marked to study knowledge creation, exploitation and their relationships with organizational mechanism. The paper presents a theoretical framework, concerning the nature of knowledge and the organization of the relevant inner activities. The paper defines knowledge governance in this way, that is, a set of organizational mechanism and process for the deployment of internal knowledge, right and other resources. Knowledge governance is thought to function through cognition, motivation and coordination, having influences upon individuals. And cognition, motivation and coordination are three inherent elements within the knowledge governance. The paper uses the qualitative deduction, complemented with a case study to support the theoretical framework as follows: (1) Starting from the division, that paper analyzes the problems of knowledge dispersion and the coordination and integration role played by organizational mechanism, which is actually to the question of the nature of firm. Also, the paper penetrates into the productivity, social nature, cognitive nature and the contract features of one firm. This design is expected to be breakthrough upon the current I Abstract theoretical premise in the knowledge studies, which is also the outset to get the insight of the organization. (2) The paper defines the concept of knowledge governance and the relevant mechanisms, which control, direct and moderate the influence of knowledge governance. (3) From a static perspective, the paper explores the operation of knowledge governance, considering the possible complexity and variety of the knowledge components. Furthermore, knowledge governance can be tested through its absorptive capability in the cognition, motivation and coordination of knowledge. (4) From an evolutionary perspective, the paper studies the dynamic development of knowledge governance, which includes the longitudinal path, knowledge boundary and the co-evolution of the knowledge environment and the organization. (5) The case study is about the Polaroid Company, analyzing the cognition and knowledge governance in the co-evolution, and the interaction of the above two terms in a dynamic way. The original contribution of the paper can be seen in three regards: (1) explaining the nature of a firm from the division perspective; (2) cognition, motivation and coordination in the knowledge governance mechanism; (3) researching the static selection and the dynamic evolution within the mechanism, adding to the viability of knowledge governance. In conclusion, the study of knowledge governance can be assumed as a theoretical instrument in exploring the nature of firm. Knowledge division brings coordination, integration, complementation and innovation to the available organizational mechanism and forms, helping to get a clearer picture of the exploration and exploitation of the knowledge for an organization.
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