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论文编号:1883 
作者编号:032936 
上传时间:2010/5/6 9:04:47 
中文题目:大学生职业探索行为及其与择业结果关系研究  
英文题目:college students career exploration  
指导老师:谢晋宇 
中文关键字:大学生 职业探索 职业探索行为 择业结果 
英文关键字: college students career exploration career exploration behaviors outcome of job search 
中文摘要:随着大学生就业模式的改革以及高等教育由精英教育转变为大众教育,大学生不再是天之骄子,而成为普通劳动者,社会不再为大学生预留工作岗位,而是需要大学生毕业后自主择业,这样就对大学生提出了更高的要求。然而从现实情况来看,大学生的表现不能令人满意。有关统计数据显示,几乎每年都有几十万名大学生不能顺利就业,而且那些已经就业的大学生对所找到工作的满意度也较低。同时有调查显示,大学生的职业探索做得不是很好。职业生涯发展理论告诉我们,职业探索在个人的生涯发展过程中非常重要,如果个人没有进行充分的职业探索,那么他未来的职业发展可能就会受到影响。那么是否是大学生的职业探索影响到了他们的择业结果呢?这个问题无论对于大学生、高校还是政府有关部门都十分重要,因此非常值得我们研究。 本研究从行为视角出发,对大学生的职业探索行为与择业结果的关系进行了研究。本研究实际包含了两个既相互独立、又密切联系的子研究。 第一个子研究是大学生职业探索行为因素研究。研究者采用质的研究方法,通过对天津市3所高校的12名大学生的深度访谈,找出了当前大学生中存在的25种职业探索行为。研究者进一步把这些职业探索行为划分为六大类:自我思考、从公共媒体获取相关信息(如从报纸、电视、网络等获取信息)、参与课程性职业指导活动(如参加职业指导课、参加职业指导讲座等)、向专家咨询(如向校内的或者是向社会有关机构的职业指导专家进行咨询等)、向亲友咨询(如向父母、亲戚、朋友进行咨询等)、参加社会实践(如参加实习、做兼职等)。 第二个子研究是大学生职业探索行为与择业结果关系研究。研究者采用的是问卷调查的方法。研究者以第一个子研究的结果为基础设计了大学生职业探索行为调查问卷,并通过预测试对问卷进行了修订。然后研究者对天津市5所高校的601名即将毕业的本科生进行了调查。调查结果显示:大学生从公共媒体获取相关信息、向亲友咨询的行为与大学生对自己职业兴趣的了解呈显著正相关;大学生从公共媒体获取相关信息、向亲友咨询的行为与大学生对自己职业价值观的了解呈显著正相关;大学生从公共媒体获取相关信息、向亲友咨询、向专家咨询的行为与大学生对职务的了解呈显著正相关;大学生从公共媒体获取相关信息、向亲友咨询、向专家咨询、参加工作实践的行为与大学生对组织的了解呈显著正相关;大学生对自己职业兴趣的了解情况、对自己职业价值观的了解情况以及自己职业兴趣与职业价值观的匹配情况与大学生获得的录用机会和大学生对择业结果的满意度呈显著正相关;大学生对职务的了解情况、对组织的了解情况与大学生获得的录用机会和大学生对择业结果的满意度呈显著正相关;但大学生对家庭的了解情况与其择业结果无显著相关。此外,相关的分析也表明:不同性别的大学生在职业探索行为上无显著差异;不同家庭社会经济地位的大学生在职业探索行为上无显著差异;不同高校的大学生在从公共媒体获取信息上无显著差异,但是在其他职业探索行为上有显著差异;不同专业的大学生在从公共媒体获取信息、做专业测试、向专家咨询上无显著差异,但是在参与课程性职业指导活动、参与工作实践、向亲友咨询上有显著差异。 根据上述研究结果,研究者分别对大学生、高校以及政府有关部门提出了相关建议。 本研究的创新点主要体现在以下三个方面: 第一,本研究从“行为”的视角对大学生的职业探索进行了研究。“行为”视角是一个新的研究视角,它明显不同与以往研究采用的职业探索“结果”视角。该视角将职业探索的研究推进到了“过程”层次。基于“行为”视角的研究可以使我们更加深入地了解大学生的职业探索,如大学生有哪些职业探索行为、每一种行为带来了什么结果等等,从而可以使我们对如何改善大学生的职业探索状况、促进大学生职业生涯的顺利发展提出更具有针对性的建议。 第二,本研究找出了当前大学生中存在的职业探索行为。这一研究结果不但使我们首次对当前大学生的职业探索行为状况有了深入了解,而且该研究结果丰富了职业探索领域的研究成果,可以直接为今后职业探索、职业辅导等领域的相关研究借鉴使用。 第三,本研究在一定程度上证明了大学生的职业探索行为与大学生择业结果的相关性,同时也发现了哪些职业探索行为能间接地改善大学生的择业结果。这些研究结论不但丰富了职业探索领域的研究成果,而且对大学生、高校和政府有关部门都具有较强的指导意义。  
英文摘要:When the higher education of China has transformed from elite education to public education, the graduates are not as favorite as before. So there will not be plenty of jobs reserved for them. They must seek employment opportunity independently upon graduation. But their performance has not been satisfactory. According to related statistical data, there have been hundreds of thousands of graduates who were unemployed every year since 2002, and the employed graduates changed their job frequently because they had little satisfaction to their job. The career development theories tell us that career exploration plays an important role in one’s career development. If one did not make such an exploration sufficiently, his career development will be affected. So is there any relation between career exploration and the outcome of job search? Apparently, it deserves our attention. From the viewpoint of behavior, this dissertation discussed the relation between career exploration and the outcome of job search of graduates. In fact, it contains two interrelated studies. In the first study, we discussed the career exploration behaviors of college students. In order to find out the behaviors of career exploration of college students, semi-structured interviews with 12 college students were conducted. The result indicted that there are six types of exploration behaviors: self-reflecting, collecting information from the media, attending vocational guidance lectures, consulting career experts, consulting relatives and friends, participating social practice. In the second study, we discussed the relation between career exploration and the outcome of job search of graduates. Based on the result of the first study, the author compiled the questionnaire of career exploration behaviors of college students. And we revised it with pre-testing. Then, the study surveyed 601 students from five universities in Tianjin. The result indicted that: the career exploration behaviors of graduates have statistical significant positive correlation with their self-awareness and environment-awareness, the self-awareness, job-awareness, and organization-awareness of graduates have statistical significant positive correlation with their job search outcome. In addition, gender difference of career exploration behaviors of graduates was not revealed, and family socio-economic status differences of career exploration behaviors of graduates were not revealed either. But university differences and major differences on career exploration behaviors of graduates were revealed. Based on the results, we make some suggestions to college students, university authorities and relevant government authorities respectively. The contribution of this dissertation mainly lies in three points: First, this dissertation has discussed the career exploration of graduates from the viewpoint of behavior. It is different from other similar researches noticeably. Second, this dissertation has found out the career exploration behaviors of graduates, which can be used by future researchers. Third, the dissertation has revealed the correlation between career exploration behaviors and the outcome of job search of graduates to a certain extent.  
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