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论文编号：	1875
作者编号：	2001005
上传时间：	2010/5/18 11:12:04
中文题目：	论中国民航客运票价管理及改革
英文题目：	The price:The price management:The multi-fares system:The aviation enterprises
指导老师：	徐　虹
中文关键字：	价格；价格管理；多级票价体系；民航企业
英文关键字：	The price:The price management:The multi-fares system:The aviation enterprises
中文摘要：	民航票价高居不下一直是公众关注的焦点问题，而高昂的票价并未使民航企业摆脱亏损的命运，这与民航业近几年高于国民经济增长速度发展极不相衬。为什么一个朝阳行业成为一个亏损大户?为什么国家重点扶持的产业，消费者和企业均未从中得到实惠? 本文拟通过民航客运票价管理的现状分析，找出目前民航客运票价管理所存在的问题及其根源，并对现行票价管理的改革探讨对策。 本文运用价格理论的因素分析方法，对影响机票价格形成的成本、市场结构和竞争状况、市场需求状况三大因素进行分析。目前我国民航客运票价过高的原因：一是运作成本过高，包含过高的外部交易成本和内部经营成本。二是市场结构过散，单个企业规模经济性不够，需通过市场竞争优胜劣汰，扩大单个企业规模，达到最佳规模经济状态。三是市场需求规模小，大部分的自费客源和团队客源的价格需求弹性大，高昂的机票价格影响了市场规模的扩展，市场规模过小又反过来影响了成本下降的空间。 通过与美国、加拿大、日本、德国和巴西五个国家的票价管理的对比分析，对我国的民航票价管理的改革提出了三方面的启示：一是民航票价管理放开是民航业发展的必然趋势；二是票价的全面放开必须与整个民航运输管理体制放松管制同步进行；三是政企分开，建立现代企业制度是实现票价管理市场化的前提与基础。同时批驳了我国民航票价机制改革认识上的三个误区：第一个误区认为价格放开会导致各航空公司价格战，使国有资产流失；第二个误区认为基于资本主义私有化基础之上的西方票价放开的经验不适用于我国以公有制为基础的民用航空运输业；第三个误区认为我国现在放开票价管制还为时过早。 本文对我国民航票价管理改革提出了如下设想：一、改革的基本目标是：逐步建立与社会主义市场经济体制相适应的民航票价管理体制，逐步将民航客运价格的定价权由政府部门交由市场主体即民航运输企业。改革的具体目标是：随着民航市场化改革的不断深入，在中国民航建立起能够反映市场供求关系的适应收益管理要求的多等级票价体系。改革的目标模式是以“多等级票价体系和多级舱位管理”为核心内容的收益管理系统作为民航票价管理的目标模式。二、改革的具体措施有：降低民航企业外部交易成本和内部管理成本来降低营运成本；转变政府职能，建立宏观调控机制，建立以市场机制为主的定价机制；加快市场法制及社会监督机制的建设；优先开放国内空运市场，促进国内空运市场一体化；公开拍卖国内航线权以鼓励竞争；取消对民航总局所属企业的垄断权和特权，鼓励国内具有竞争力的民航企业与跨国航空公司进行战略合作与联盟，加速建立民航企业的现代企业制度；建立多元化投资主体，调整民航的服务性企业与机场管理体制，加快民航相关配套机制的改革。 本文共分五部分：第一部分简述本文研究的背景和意义；第二部分概述了我国民航票价管理历史沿革、现状及所存在的问题；第三部分对我国民航客运票价的形成进行因素分析；第四部分对国内外的民航票价管理机制进行对比分析；第五部分提出对我国民航票价管理改革的设想。
英文摘要：	It has always been the focused problem that the airfare of civil aviation is still in its higher position. However the higher airfare does not make the aviation enterprises get rid of their bad fate, which doesn’t fit with the speed of the improvement of the aviation industry that develops faster than our national economy during these few years. Why does a promising industry become a badly deficient one? Why cannot both consumers and enterprises get their benefit from those industries, which have been mostly supported, by our country? The writer of this thesis finds out the present questions on the management of airfare through analyzing the present situation, at the same time it gives an imagination on the reformation to the present management. This writer of the thesis carefully analyzes those three facts that influence the establishment of the airfare including cost, the market structure and the market request situation in the theory of price. It is reported that there are three reasons why our aviation airfare is high. First, the running cost is too high including the excessive exterior trade cost and interior operating cost. Second, the market structure is too discharged and the scale economy of a single aviation enterprise is not enough. So the best scale economy of a single aviation enterprise is not enough. So the best scale economy situation can be reached in the way of marketing competition and the enlargement of the single enterprise. Third, the market request is too limited. The elasticity of the price request of most self-supported customers and groups is too big. The high airfare influences the widening if markets which influence the room of the cost falling on the contrary. Compared with the management of airfare in America, Canada, Japan, Germany and Brazil, our system can reach to the following plans. First, the essential purpose of the reformation of the management of the civil aviation is to establish a running aviation system to fit with the socialist market system gradually and to have the might of fixing price of aviation from government to the market aviation transportation enterprises. The exact purpose of reformation is to set up a multi-class airfare system that can reflect the relations between market, request and support and can fit with the managing of the benefit in China Civil Aviation with the gradual development of the market reformation. Second, purpose modality of the civil aviation airfare reformation is the one that treats the benefit managing system whose core is “multi-class airfare system and multi-cabin management” as the aviation airfare system. The particular measures include lowering the exterior cost of the aviation enterprises and the interior managing cost to hang down the running cost; transforming the government function, setting up a macroscopic controlling system and establishing a fixing price system with the base of market system; accelerating the establishment of marketing law and social supervising system; firstly opening the civil aviation market to promote the unify of the civil aviation market, publicly auctioning the civil air-line right to encourage competition, canceling the privilege and the right of monopolization of the enterprises belonging to the civil aviation headquarter encouraging our civil aviation enterprises filled with competition power to cooperate with the transnational corporation to speed up the establishment of the modern enterprise rules of the aviation enterprises; setting up poll-invested subject, adjusting the aviation servicing enterprises and the airport managing system, accelerating the reformation which is related to the aviation. This article can be divided into five parts. The first part is to simply tell the background and content of this research, the second part is to generally narrate the history of the airfare of our country and the present situation and problems; the third part is to analyze the formation of the airfare of our country; the fourth part is to comparing analyze the interior and exterior airfare managing system; and the last part is to raise the tentative plans to our reformation of airfare system.
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