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论文编号：	1810
作者编号：	041963
上传时间：	2010/5/12 16:20:00
中文题目：	项目需求变更管理研究
英文题目：	A Study on Project Requirement Changes Management
指导老师：	于仲鸣
中文关键字：	项目需求 项目需求变更 项目生命周期 变更流程
英文关键字：	Project requirement, Project requirement changes, Project lifecycle, Process of changes
中文摘要：	任何项目都是为社会提供有形或者无形的产品与服务的，项目需求是任何项目根本的出发点和最终归宿点；项目是否能够满足各方的有效需求是检验项目成败的关键。目前，项目管理作为一种可获得性技术，已经受到人们高度的关注。但是调查表明，有三成左右的项目是因为前期需求调研不准确而导致在项目执行过程中项目工作内容的反复变更和修改，需求变更成为项目管理特别是项目变更管理的一个重点内容。 本论文对项目需求的变更管理进行了较为详尽的研究，基于项目生命周期理论对项目各阶段需求的变更管理进行了分析并构建了需求变更管理工作的流程体系。 本论文重点研究的模型有：项目过程与需求认知程度过程模型；项目需求基线更新的定性描述模型；基于项目生命周期的资源投入与变更代价模型； 项目需求变更管理的阶段划分与流程体系模型。 首先，本论文第一章引言部分指出论文的研究背景、研究意义以及研究思路，搭起了全文研究的框架结构。 其次，本论文第二章对项目、项目管理、项目需求、变更管理理论以及需求认知程度理论进行了回顾与分析，对它们之间的关系进行了深入地分析，特别是对需求引发项目的产生机制和需求变更的根源进行了详细阐释。并通过对项目生命周期理论以及沟通管理理论的回顾，提出了项目管理人员要在项目生命周期内各个阶段进行需求变更的管理与控制，要采用恰当的工具与方法建立合适的需求变更管理工作流程的观点。 再次，本论文第三章、第四章和第五章，对项目定义决策阶段、设计阶段以及实施控制阶段的需求变更管理工作进行了分析，阐释了各阶段需求与本阶段工作的密切关系、需求变更给项目各阶段带来的影响以及变更的代价，明确了各阶段的管理控制的重点。 最后，本论文第六章在对项目需求变更的产生原因、要素以及影响与代价进行分析的基础上，结合需求变更自身的特点以及需求变更管理的特点对项目需求变更管理工作进行了阶段的划分，构建了项目需求变更管理工作的流程体系，将需求管理的各阶段内容与流程体系用图表很好的结合在一起并且进行了详尽的阐释与总结。 总之，进行项目需求的变更控制管理需要按照规范的变更流程体系，根据项目实际情况来进行；需求变更的影响要从项目的整体得失来衡量，避免片面的理解；要在项目的整个生命周期密切跟踪需求的实施与变化情况；良好的沟通管理是做好项目需求变更管理的保证。并且，项目需求的变更管理是做好项目范围变更管理工作的基础，它能够从根本上降低风险，提高项目的客户满意度，从而从根本上保证项目的成功性。
英文摘要：	Every project provides our society both tangible products or intangible service. Project requirement is the original cause and end result of any project. The judgment of whether a project is successful is if it could satisfy every individual’s requirement. Nowadays, project management has become a available technology, which has gotten more and more attention. However, investigation showed that: During the execution period of about 30% projects, project work needed to be changed again and again.The reason is that the requirement research during the early period is not precise. Thus, requirement change management becomes a vital part of the project management. This dissertation focuses on the management of changes of requirement of project. Using the project lifecycle theory, the characters of the management of changes of project requirement in different project phases are analyzed and a work flow system of the management of changes of requirement of project is constructed. In this dissertation, the following models are discussed in detail: Understanding level of project requirement versus project course model; Qualitative model of updating of project requirement baseline; Resource consumption and requirement changing cost based on the project lifecycle model; Management flow and requirement changes of different project phases. First of all, in Chapter One, the research background, research purpose and research method were introduced, and the framework of this article was presented as well. Secondly, in Chapter Two, some basic theories of project, project management, project requirement, management of changes and understanding level of requirement were reviewed, the relations of which were discussed in details, especially the reasons of requirement bringing on project and the reasons of requirement changes. By the review of the project lifecycle theory and the communication theory, the viewpoint that project managers should control requirement changes through out different phases of Project Life Cycle, and the viewpoint that proper methods should be adapted to construct effective management flow system of changes of requirement of project were proposed. Thirdly, in Chapter Three, Chapter Four and Chapter Five, which correspond to the project Definition and Decision phase, Design phase, and Execution phase respectively, the management of changes of requirement were discussed and compared, the cost and effects of requirement changes were analyzed, and the characters of management of each period were clarified. Finally, in Chapter Six, after the analysis of reasons, factors, costs, and effects of requirement changes, management of project requirement changes was divided into different stages according to the characters of requirement changes and the management work itself, and a management flow system of project requirement changes was constructed in the end. In a word, the management of the project requirement changes should follow a formal management flow and should be carried out according to the actual condition of the project and be based on the whole project but not a part of it. The execution and result of changes should be tracked through out the whole project life cycle. Good communication is the guarantee of successful management. And management of project requirement changes is the base of management of project scope change, which could lower risk, improve customers’ satisfaction and lead to the final success of the project.
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