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论文编号：	170
作者编号：	042052
上传时间：	2007/12/22 16:26:16
中文题目：	产品研发项目组合选择与管理研究
英文题目：	Product R&D project portfolio
指导老师：	焦媛媛
中文关键字：	产品研发项目，项目组合管理，项
英文关键字：	Prroduct R&D Project Project
中文摘要：	摘要 随着我国市场经济的发展，各行业纷纷引进竞争机制，各公司所承接的项目越来越多。并且，进入90年代以后，企业在管理上强调的合理化和标准化，已经不能完全适应信息的动态变化性，越来越多的组织面临着企业在同一时间内正在进行项目组合的情况，每个企业都希望对项目的投资取得最大的收益回报。作为项目管理领域未来的发展趋势之一的项目组合管理，已经得到了越来越多的企业的重视，其重要性也日益显现出来。 项目组合管理已经成为项目管理的焦点和热点。企业多个项目同时实施的情况下，往往涉及到不同项目间在资金、时间、人力等资源的共享与冲突。因此，企业要在项目组合条件下合理、有效配置各种资源，使项目周期缩短，降低项目成本，从而提高企业的效益。 论文首先对项目组合管理的国内外重要文献和研究成果进行了系统的梳理和分析。然后对项目组合管理的选择方法进性了阐述，强调了项目组合管理能够起到衔接企业战略与项目管理的作用。在项目组合实施中， 针对项目间的资源配置问题进行了分析，并对各种算法予以说明，提出可以适度借用资源。最后对项目组合管理中的组织、协调与领导进行了研究，提出按项目组合情况进行组织结构调整。本论文结合莱尔德公司的实际情况，对项目组合管理进行了案例分析。从莱尔德公司的业务战略出发，寻求最佳项目组合，对其分析评估，然后按项目组合进行资源配置和组织设计。 论文的理论和实践证明，良好的资源优化结果将有助于项目的顺利实施，而合适的组织结构有助于资源优化的全面开展和落实。本论文立足于实际应用，通过对企业组织结构理论和资源优化方法的分析，得出了针对产品研发项目组合的管理方法。 在产品研发的企业中，大部分都将针对一个或多个业务目标（例如盈利率 战略 可接受风险 等等）的项目组合价值最大化作为第一目标。为实现这个最大化目标而使用了不同方法，其范围包括从财务方法直至打分模型，每种最大化的方法的最终结果是评级顺序列表。列表顶端的项目根据实现想要的目标的程度而得分最高。项目通常在制革列表中排列顺序直到资源耗尽。通过使用这种方法，在既定资源耗费的情况下，针对这一目的的项目组合价值被最大化，至少在理论上是这样的。 产品研发项目组合管理有别于传统单项目管理，对于研发企业而言，如何使研发活动得到有效控制，研发风险得到及时防范，是每一个研发管理人员的管理难点。本文可以帮助企业实现规范化的研发项目组合管理，指导产品开发，帮助研发管理人员掌握规范化的项目管理方法，按照规范的流程把握研发全流程活动，控制研发质量，提高研发效率，实现有效的同时管理好众多的项目。 企业进行产品研发和生产的过程中，有愈来愈多的项目会同时实施。企业所作的项目类型愈多，管理也就也复杂，因为随着项目类型和数量的增多，项目所涉及的范围愈来愈宽广，内容也愈来愈复杂，情况千变万化。为了适应这种多变的情况，管理这些日益复杂的项目，就需要有新的管理思想，方法和能力。一个组织管理多个并行的项目，这种情况每天都在发生变化，除去哪些特别的项目外，需要组合管理的项目在价值上达到所有项目的90％。但是，从项目管理的角度来看，目前我国的项目管理还一直停留在一种孤立的，隔离的传统管理方式上，既无法保证项目之间的有机联系，更无法保证项目与公司的战略目标相连。即使有些公司采用了系统的管理思想，其范围也很有限，只是停留在单个项目的水平上，即以独立的项目为基础的分散式项目管理，而不是将所有项目视为一个整体进行管理，忽视了公司是一个系统的战略整体，它不利于公司在整体水平上优化资源，不能有效地处理与现有业务直接有关的，而且在公司水平上鱼未来发展密切相关的重要活动。同时，信息技术和网络技术的发展大大地改变了我们的工作方式，网络平台上的项目管理为更有效的信息沟通创造了条件。“项目管理，全寿命管理，工程管理信息化”给传统的项目管理思想带来了挑战，这就需要一种新的项目管理思想来指导。 错误的项目执行得再好，仍旧是错误的。为了保证你所做的是正确的项目，你必须把项目与公司的整体战略构想结合起来；项目组合管理(PPM)及其工具可以帮助你实现这一目标传统项目管理强调“怎么做项目”，采取的是自下而上的管理方式，即数据从项目管理的底层开始收集，传送至高层经过分析后对项目进行管理和控制。这是一种偏向于战术性的项目管理方式，不能及时发现与企业的目标发生偏差或超越企业执行和控制能力的项目。而项目组合管理则强调"做什么项目"，采取的是自上而下的管理方式，即先确定企业的战略目标，优先选择符合企业战略目标的项目，在企业的资金和资源能力范围内有效执行项目。 本文是执行正确的项目的文章，如果你选择了争取的项目，你将得到一个令人羡慕的、高价值的,完全平衡的产品研发项目组合，更为重要的是一个支持你的业务战略的产品研发项目组合。今天你所进行的产品选择决定了未来你的业务产品供给和市场情况。今天进行正确的选择非常重要。项目组合管理和新产品研发项目选择是业务成功的基础。 产品研发项目组合管理提供了对于企业整个程序、项目和资源的组合精确、全局化的视角，这种视角可以是企业级的也可以是任何中间层次的；项目组合管理赋予管理人员做出信息周详的决定和采取合适行动的能力，从而使公司股东的利润最大化。
英文摘要：	Abstract While market economy develops in our country, competition is fetched into every walk of life. Every company are introducing in more and more projects. Especially coming into the nineties of 20th century, the rationalization and standardization which is emphasized during management have not adapted completely to the information dynamic variability. More and more organization forms are facing to arrange multi-project at the same time, and every form hopes to get the maximum benefit by investing project. Project portfolio management is as the one of tendency of intending project management, it has been gotten more and more form’s recognition, and its importance is appearing increasingly. Project portfolio management has become the focus of project management. In project portfolio circumstance, the share and competition on resources such as capital, time and human resource often occur. Therefore, enterprises should allocate each resource reasonably and effectively, in order to shorten the time and the cost of project and to increase the benefit. This thesis is not only based on resource allocation and leading in project portfolio management. It is but also based on the analysis of relevant articles from home and aboard. Contemporary reach on project portfolio management are introduced firstly. Then project portfolio management selection method is expatiated, emphasizing that PPM could connecting the enterprise’s strategy and its single project management. Thirdly during the PPM implement, the resource of allocation is researched from qualitative and quantitative analysis, and the method of calculation are summarized, borrow resource within measure is also possible. Next the organization structure, harmonize and leading are researched in PPM circumstance, organization structure should adapt to PPM. Next, base on an application of Laird Technologies, It is from Laird Technology operational strategy, evaluating and selecting suitable project to project portfolio. Finally, it has been proved that the favorable resources optimization would improve the implementation of projects, and the appropriate organization structure would help the fulfillment of resources optimization. In this thesis, based on the real application, the methods of resources optimization in project-Portfolio enterprises have been presented by analysis of the organization structure and resources optimization. In product development enterprises, the majority of them will be against one or more operational objectives (for example, the profit rate strategy acceptable risk, etc.) to maximize the value of the portfolio as the first target. To achieve this goal of maximizing the use of different methods, including the scope of its methods until scoring from the financial model, each maximization method, the ultimate result is the order of rating list. At the top of the list of projects, achieve the desired objectives in accordance with the extent to which the highest scores. Projects usually in the order tannery list until resource depletion. By using this method, established resources spent in the circumstances, when the purpose of this was to maximize portfolio value, in theory at least is the case. Product R & D project portfolio management different from the traditional single-project management, research and development enterprises, how to make research and development activities have been effectively controlled, research and development risks are timely precautions, every R & D management, the management of difficult. This paper can help companies achieve standardization of research and development project portfolio management, guiding product development, R & D managers to master standardized project management methods, in accordance with the norms of process grasp the whole process research and development activities, R & D quality control, improve the efficiency of research and development to achieve effective management at the same time to its numerous projects. Enterprise product development and production process, there are more and more projects will be implemented simultaneously. The types of items made by the enterprises more, management will also complicated because with the type and number of projects increased, the scope of the project involved more broad, as more and more complicated, ever-changing situation. In order to adapt to the changing situation, the management of these increasingly complex projects need for new management thinking, methods and capabilities. An organization to manage multiple concurrent projects, which are changing every day, remove the special items, portfolio management needs of the project has reached the value of all items 90 percent. But from the point of view of project management, project management in China has also been staying in an isolated, we segregated traditional management methods, the lack of guarantee for the organic links between projects, but also no guarantee that projects with the company's strategic objectives Linked. Even some companies adopted the system of management ideology, and its scope is very limited, just remain at the level of individual projects, in an independent project-based distributed project management, and not all projects will be managed as a whole, neglected the company is a systematic strategy as a whole, it is harmful to companies in the overall level of optimization of resources, can not effectively deal with directly related to the existing business, and the level of fish in the company closely linked to the future development of the important activities. At the same time, information technology and network technology in the development of substantially changed the way we work, the network platform for project management more effective communication of information created conditions. "Project management, life-cycle management, project management information" to the traditional project management thinking has brought challenges, which requires a new thinking to guide project management. Project implementation in the wrong no matter how good, is still wrong. To ensure that you are doing the right projects, you have to put the item with the company's overall strategic concept combined with project portfolio management (PPM) and its tools can help you achieve this goal traditional project management emphasized that "how to do projects" and take the bottom-up management, project management, data from the beginning of the bottom of the collection, transmission and analysis of the high-level project management and control. This is a biased in favor of tactical project management, and enterprises can not promptly found the target to deviate or exceed enterprise implementation and control projects. The project portfolio management stressed that "what to do" in adopting a top-down management style, that is, to determine their strategic goals, preferences with the strategic goal of enterprise projects in the enterprise funds and resources for the effective capacity implementation of the project. This paper is the correct implementation of the project article, if you chose for the projects, you will have an enviable, high-value, fully balanced portfolio of product development, the more important things is a support your business strategies product R & D portfolio. Today the product you choose determines that the future of your business product supply and market conditions. Today's correct choice is very important. Project portfolio management and new product development project selection is the basis of business success. Product R & D project portfolio management provides a procedure for the entire enterprise, the portfolio of projects and resources accurately, the perspective of the overall situation, this is the enterprise-class perspective can also can be any of the middle level; project portfolio management to give managers detailed information the decisions and the ability to take appropriate actions, so that the company's shareholders to maximize profits.
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