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论文编号：	16133
作者编号：	2120246103
上传时间：	2026/6/8 22:44:15
中文题目：	巴拿马华人家族企业二代继承选择差异化作用机制研究
英文题目：	Research on the Mechanisms of Differentiation in Succession Choices among Second-Generation in Chinese Family Businesses in Panama
指导老师：	任兵
中文关键字：	巴拿马华侨；家族企业；代际传承；继承选择；儒家伦理
英文关键字：	Panamanian Chinese; Family Business; Intergenerational Succession; Succession Choice; Confucian Ethics
中文摘要：	家族企业是全球经济发展中普遍且重要的经营形式，巴拿马华人依托中小型家族企业在当地构建起了庞大的商业网络，其中中小型超市更是成为当地零售行业的支柱，而如今随着第一代华人创业者步入晚年，这些家族企业正集体面临代际传承的现实问题。巴拿马华人二代因成长于当地多元环境，普遍接受了良好的高等教育，拥有多元的职业选择，在家族企业继承选择上呈现出明显分化。而现有关于家族企业接班的研究多聚焦于中国国内或东南亚地区，针对拉美地区这一特殊跨文化环境下华人二代继承选择差异化的研究尚不够具体和深入，难以为该区域家族企业传承提供实践参考。本研究以此为背景，深入探讨究竟是什么原因导致了二代在面对继承问题时做出了截然不同的选择。 本研究采用质性研究范式，在此范式下进行多案例研究设计，选取了三家巴拿马华人中小型家族企业为典型案例，三家案例企业均为当地主流的传统服务业态，二代研究对象处于职业选择和传承决策的关键阶段，并且本研究有效控制了外部干扰变量。研究通过半结构化深度访谈、收集巴拿马当地政策文件及华人社群相关研究成果等方式获取一手和二手数据，先对每个案例开展深度的案例内剖析，再通过跨案例对比挖掘共性与差异，最终提炼核心作用机制。 本研究发现，巴拿马华人二代的继承选择是情感债务与替代路径双重力量博弈的结果。情感债务源于儒家伦理框架下父母创业苦难叙事与代际互动形成的心理负债，其形成与父母教养方式、童年家族劳动参与及创业艰辛感知密切相关：在父母主动引导子女参与家族经营、要求子女从小承担劳动责任的家庭中，童年长期参与家族劳动、亲眼目睹父母创业艰辛并反复被道德话语强化报恩责任的二代，会形成更为深重的情感负债，这种负债会转化为强烈的继承责任感；而教养方式相对宽松、童年较少接触家族生意的二代，则难以形成显著的道德负担，对继承的抗拒心理也更为明显。替代路径则是二代脱离家族生意、通过跨文化教育或专业化就业实现个人价值的非继承选择，其可行性受跨文化教育经历与宗法性别伦理的双重显著影响。拥有海外留学经历、多语言能力及清晰职业规划的二代，能够构建起稳定且具吸引力的替代发展路径，进而获得抵抗家族伦理压力的现实支撑；而教育经历有限、职业方向模糊的二代，其替代路径缺乏现实基础，难以摆脱家族的继承期待。同时，宗法性别伦理通过“儿子养老”的传统逻辑锁定继承主体，男性二代往往被天然赋予继承责任，女性二代则在无男性子嗣的家庭中沿亲缘序位承担继承压力。这也在一定程度上限制了部分二代的替代路径选择空间。基于此，本研究划分出自主脱离型、被动顺从型、权衡协商型及观望待定型四种继承选择类型，其中自主脱离型二代通常具备清晰的职业发展目标与较强的经济独立能力，能够主动拒绝继承；被动顺从型二代情感债务深重且缺乏可行替代路径，只能被动接受家族安排；权衡协商型二代则在情感债务与替代路径之间寻求平衡，通过与家族协商形成最终继承选择；观望待定型二代尚未明确职业方向，仍在继承与个人发展之间摇摆观望。本研究进一步发现，儒家伦理中的孝道责任、差序格局等核心观念并未在海外跨文化环境中消失，而是通过情感债务传递、性别责任锁定等机制转化为影响继承选择的关键动力，而二代的跨文化教育经历与个人发展轨迹则为其提供了突破传统约束的可能。
英文摘要：	Family businesses are a prevalent and vital form of operation in global economic development. Relying on small and medium-sized family businesses, Panamanian Chinese have built a vast commercial network locally, with small and medium-sized supermarkets becoming the pillar of the local retail industry. However, as the first generation of Chinese entrepreneurs enters their twilight years, these family businesses are collectively facing the practical challenge of intergenerational succession. Growing up in a diverse local environment, the second generation of Panamanian Chinese generally receives a good higher education and possesses diverse career options, resulting in a distinct polarization in their choices regarding family business succession. Existing research on family business succession mostly focuses on domestic China or Southeast Asia. Studies on the differentiated succession choices of second-generation Chinese in the unique cross-cultural environment of Latin America remain insufficiently specific and in-depth, making it difficult to provide practical references for family business succession in this region. Against this background, this study delves into the underlying causes that lead the second generation to make drastically different choices when faced with succession issues. This study adopts a qualitative research paradigm. Within this paradigm, a multiple-case study design is employed. Three small and medium-sized Panamanian-Chinese family businesses are selected as typical cases. All three case enterprises belong to the mainstream traditional service sector locally. The second-generation research subjects are at a critical stage of career selection and succession decision-making, and this study effectively controls for external confounding variables. The research gathers primary and secondary data through semi-structured in-depth interviews, the collection of local Panamanian policy documents, and relevant research findings on the Chinese community. It first conducts an in-depth within-case analysis for each case, then uncovers commonalities and differences through cross-case comparison, and ultimately extracts the core mechanisms of action to map out the succession paths. This study finds that the succession choices of second-generation Panamanian Chinese are the result of a power struggle between two forces: emotional debt and alternative paths. Emotional debt stems from the psychological liability formed by the parents' narrative of entrepreneurial hardship and intergenerational interaction within the framework of Confucian ethics. Its formation is closely related to parenting styles, childhood participation in family labor, and the perception of entrepreneurial hardships. In families where parents actively guide their children to participate in family operations and require them to bear labor responsibilities from a young age, the second generation—having participated in family labor long-term during childhood, witnessed their parents' entrepreneurial hardships firsthand, and been repeatedly reinforced with the duty to repay through moral discourse—develops a deeper emotional debt, which transforms into a strong sense of responsibility for succession. Conversely, second-generation individuals experiencing relatively lenient parenting and less exposure to the family business during childhood are unlikely to form a significant moral burden, exhibiting a more pronounced resistance to succession. Alternative paths refer to the non-succession choices where the second generation detaches from the family business and realizes personal value through cross-cultural education or specialized employment. The feasibility of these paths is significantly influenced by both cross-cultural educational experiences and patriarchal gender ethics. Second-generation individuals with overseas study experiences, multilingual capabilities, and clear career plans can construct stable and attractive alternative developmental paths, thereby gaining the practical support needed to resist family ethical pressure. Meanwhile, for those with limited educational backgrounds and vague career directions, their alternative paths lack a realistic foundation, making it difficult to escape the family's succession expectations. At the same time, patriarchal gender ethics lock in the subject of succession through the traditional logic of sons providing for the elderly. The male second generation is often naturally endowed with succession responsibilities, while the female second generation bears succession pressure along the kinship order in families without male heirs, which restricts the alternative path choices for some second-generation individuals to a certain extent. Based on this, the study categorizes succession choices into four types: autonomous-detachment, passive-compliance, weighing-negotiation, and wait-and-see. Autonomous-detachment individuals generally possess clear career development goals and strong economic independence, enabling them to actively refuse succession; passive-compliance individuals, heavily burdened by emotional debt and lacking viable alternative paths, can only passively accept family arrangements; weighing-negotiation individuals seek a balance between emotional debt and alternative paths, forming their final succession choice through negotiation with the family; and wait-and-see individuals, yet to define a clear career direction, continue to waver between succession and personal development. The study further discovers that core concepts in Confucian ethics, such as filial piety responsibility and the differential mode of association, have not disappeared in the overseas cross-cultural environment. Instead, they are transformed into key drivers influencing succession choices through mechanisms like the transmission of emotional debt and the locking-in of gender responsibilities, while the cross-cultural educational experiences and personal development trajectories of the second generation provide them with the possibility of breaking through traditional constraints.
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