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论文编号：	15091
作者编号：	2320200356
上传时间：	2024/12/10 11:31:57
中文题目：	我国新能源汽车电安全验证评价研究
英文题目：	Research on the Evaluation of Electrical Safety Verification for New Energy Vehicles in China
指导老师：	车建国
中文关键字：	新能源汽车；电安全验证评价；模糊分析法；电安全水平
英文关键字：	New Energy Vehicles; Electrical Safety Verification and Evaluation ; Fuzzy Analysis Method; Electrical Safety Level
中文摘要：	近年来，我国新能源汽车渗透率屡创新高，车辆保有量不断增大。相比传统燃油汽车，新能源汽车因电产生的安全问题及事故逐渐暴露在公众视野中，电安全问题成为社会关注的焦点。新能源汽车因动力形式、电子电气结构和电池材料等产生了新的安全问题；同时，原有的相关安全技术标准无法与产品的迭代速度和使用场景相匹配。因此急需建立聚焦新能源汽车电安全水平的验证评价，弥补标准局限性，并对新能源汽车产品的电安全水平进行验证和评价，获得直观的评价结果，引导新能源汽车安全性能优化提升。 本文研究，首先对安全理论、电安全技术、安全类问题评价方法等进行研究，明确研究涉及的关键要素和研究基础；其次，对现有汽车安全评价体系、国家相关技术标准、相关行业要求进行分析，获得评价体系架构、基础技术依据、评价维度设计等方面的研究参考，同时找出现有技术标准的局限性，聚焦研究方向。然后，通过场景化的电安全问题分析设计了电安全验证项目矩阵，采用文献分析法、问卷调查法建立电安全验证评价指标体系。指标体系覆盖新能源汽车因电产生的电磁安全、电池安全、消防安全、充电安全、电气及功能安全五个维度，结合目前领先的验证指标，挖掘出15个关键二级指标。进一步，使用层次分析与熵值法相结合，从主、客观方面推导出各指标的综合权重值。对相关指标进行安全等级划分，使用模糊分析法，进行隶属度函数推导，将电安全验证的检验物理量转化为反映车辆电安全水平的量化结果，建立了体系化的新能源汽车电安全水平评价模型。 同时，本文在建立多维度验证评价指标体系基础上，进一步代入多款典型车型的电安全验证检验数据，进行车辆电安全水平评价及结果分析。通过定性、定量相结合的电安全综合指标评价结果的对比，分析典型新能源车型在电安全方面存在的问题，如在电气及功能安全、电池安全等维度存在不足，应加强针对使用场景的安全设计和控制策略。并根据本文研究及结果分析，对我国目前新能源汽车电安全技术提升、电安全水平评价优化、新能源汽车标准法规完善提出相关建议。
英文摘要：	In recent years, China's new energy vehicle industry has developed rapidly, with the penetration rate of new energy vehicles reaching new highs and the number of vehicles continuously increasing. However, the safety issues and accidents caused by electricity generated by new energy vehicles have gradually been exposed to the public eye, and electrical safety issues have become a focus of social attention. Compared with traditional fuel vehicles, new energy vehicles have significant differences in power form, electronic and electrical structure, and battery materials. Their functions and usage scenarios are also more diverse, thus creating new electrical safety issues; On the other hand, the update of existing security technology standards cannot match the iteration speed of products. Therefore, it is urgent to establish a verification and evaluation system focusing on the electrical safety level of new energy vehicles, to make up for the limitations of standards, to verify and evaluate the electrical safety level of new energy vehicle products, and to obtain intuitive evaluation results to display the electrical safety level of products and guide the optimization and improvement of safety. This thesis begins by researching safety theories, electrical safety technologies, and safety issue evaluation methods to clarify the key elements and research foundations involved. Secondly, it analyzes existing automotive safety evaluation systems, national technical standards, and industry requirements to obtain references for the evaluation system architecture, basic technical basis, and evaluation dimension design, while identifying the limitations of existing technical standards and focusing the research direction. Subsequently, an electrical safety verification project matrix is designed through scenario-based electrical safety problem analysis, and an electrical safety verification and evaluation index system is established using literature analysis and questionnaire surveys. The system covers five dimensions of electrical safety issues in NEVs: electromagnetic safety, battery safety, fire safety, charging safety, and electrical and functional safety, identifying 15 key secondary indicators based on leading verification indicators. Furthermore, a combination of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the entropy method is used to derive the comprehensive weight values of each indicator from both subjective and objective aspects. Safety levels are assigned to related indicators, and a fuzzy analysis method is employed to derive membership functions, transforming the physical quantities of electrical safety verification into quantified results reflecting the electrical safety level of vehicles, thus establishing a systematic NEV electrical safety level evaluation model. Additionally, this thesis incorporates electrical safety verification and inspection data from several typical vehicle models into the established verification and evaluation system to evaluate and analyze the electrical safety level of vehicles. By comparing the results of qualitative and quantitative combined electrical safety comprehensive index evaluation, issues in electrical safety, such as deficiencies in electrical and functional safety and battery safety dimensions, are analyzed, suggesting the need for enhanced safety design and control strategies tailored to usage scenarios. Finally, based on the research and analysis results, this thesis proposes recommendations for improving NEV electrical safety technology, optimizing the evaluation of electrical safety levels, and perfecting NEV standard regulations in China.
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